Effect of Vegetable Oils on Sethoxydim Efficacy on the Control of Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 8, Volume 34, Issue 3 - Serial Number 49, September 2020, Pages 361-371   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v34i3.30343

Authors

H. Hammami^{* 1}; M.H. Rashed Mohassel²; M. Parsa²; M. Bannayan-Aval²; E. Zand³

¹College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

², Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

³Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Sethoxydim is a post emergence graminicidethatcontrolannual and perennial grasses such as wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) and littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) by inhibitory activity on acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase enzyme and disrupt fatty acid biosynthesis. It belongs to the cyclohexanone chemical family. It was registered for weed management in broad leaf crops. Using an adjuvant (e.g. vegetable oils and surfactants) that can increase the foliar activity of post emergence herbicides by cuticle destruction and increase leaf wetting is an acceptable way to achieve this approach. Applying vegetable oils increased graminicide penetrate to leaf and post emergence herbicides performance. Some synthetic adjuvants have been shown a side effect on wildlife, similar to agrochemicals therefore using safe and reproducible adjuvants is essential. The objective of this research is to determine the best vegetable oil on biological activity of sethoxydim on wild oat and relation between compounds of vegetable oils (fatty acids) and their effects on sethoxydim performance.
Materials and Methods: The dose response experiment was conducted in Research Greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2012. The seeds of wild oat were collected from plants in the fields of the Mashhad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, in Mashhad, Iran and preserved at room temperature in paper bag. The seeds were surface sterilized by immersing in sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes. Then seeds were rinsed by distilled water for 15 minutes. To increase seed germination before the start of experiment, the seeds were dehulled and placed in Petri dishes on top of a single layer of Whatman no. 1 filter paper. Then, 10 mL of 0.2% KNO₃ solution were added to each Petri dish for breaking dormancy, then the seeds were incubated for 72 h at 4–5◦C in the dark. The germinated seeds were sown in pot (1.5 L). One week after sowing plants were tinned to four plant in each pot. The pots were irrigated every days. At four leaf stage of wild oat plants the herbicide treatment were applied. The treatments included sethoxydim concentration at seven levels (0, 23.4, 46.8, 93.75, 187.5, 281.25 and 375 g ai ha^-1 of sethoxydim) and vegetable oils at ten levels (without oil and with turnip, olive, soybean, corn, sunflower, canola, sesame, castor, and cotton oil). The response of wild oat biomass were analyzed by non-linear regression by R software. To determine toxicity of sethoxydim plus vegetable oils on sugar beet and onion an experiment by recommended dose of sethoxydim was conducted. Moreover, an experiment was carried out to determine the fatty acid content and quantity of each vegetable oil. To determine the chemical nature of fatty acid oils, 15 drops of each vegetable oil were added to 7 mL N-hexane plus 2 mL of potassium hydroxide in methanol (11.2% m/v). Then, four replications of the supplied compounds were shacked for 1 min and heated to 55°C for 5 min until the solution was separated into two phases. The upper phase was desiccated with sodium lauryl sulfate and filtered to analyze with gas chromatography. The fatty acid content was determined using gas chromatography Acme 6000 (Younglin, South Korea) equipped with a flame ionization detector and a CP-Sil 88 Wcot fused silica column (100 m × 0.25 mm i.d. × 0.2 μm film thickness; Chrompack, Middleburg, Netherlands). The carrier gas was ultrahigh-purity helium; we used a 1:100 split mode and a flame-ionization detector. The GC oven temperature was maintained at 140 °C for 5 min, then ramped to 240°C at the rate of 4°C/min and maintained at 240°C for 15 min. The flow rate of helium was 20 mL/min. The injector and detector temperatures were 250 and 280°C, respectively. The volume of injected sample was 1 μL. Fatty acids were identified by matching their retention times with those of their relative standards.
Results and Discussion: Results of this study showed that sethoxydim performance improved in the presence of vegetable oils whereas relative potency were higher than 1 in the presence of vegetable oils compared to sethoxydim alone. The vegetable oil could be ranked based on their relative potency value as: turnip > olive > soybean > corn > sunflower > canola > sesame > castor > cotton. The overall results showed that the efficacy of sethoxydim was improved by increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils. Turnip and cottonseed oils with 71.17 and 20.65 percentages of unsaturated fatty acids had the highest and lowest performance, respectively. Among the polyunsaturated fatty acids compounds, linoleic acid content had a key role in the efficiency. There was a negative relationship between linoleic acid content and the performance of vegetable oils. Moreover, non-significant toxicity effects on sugar beet and onion was observed.
   Conclusion: Based on this work, when the vegetable oils used the performance of sethoxydim on wild oat control based on relative potency were improved. Therefore, synthetic adjuvants can be replaced by vegetable oils as adjuvants in herbicide application. Based on results of this work, composition of fatty acids in vegetable oil is a very effective factors for increasing sethoxydim performance on wild oat control. By increasing unsaturated fatty acids, the sethoxydim performance showed more performance whereas turnip oil with higher unsaturated fatty acids was showed the highest performance. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism of action of vegetable oils in increasing the effectiveness of herbicides.

Keywords

Linoleic acid; Sethoxydim; Unsaturated fatty acids; Vegetable oils

References

1-       Andersen R.N. 1968. Germination and Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes. A Weed Science Society of America Handbook. Urbana, USA.

2-       Beattie A., Watson D., Stevens M., Rae D., and Spooner- Hart R. 2012. Sustainable pest and disease Management.

3-       Baghestani M.A., Zand E., Soufizadeh S., Jamali M., and Maighani F. 2007. Evaluation of sulfosulfuron for broadleaved and grass weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iran. Crop Protection 26: 1385-1389.

4-       Cabanne F., Gaudry J., and Streibig J.C. 1999. Influence of alkyl oleates on efficacy of phenmedipham applied as an acetone:water solution on Galium aparine. Weed Research 39: 57-67.

5-       Cabanne F. 2000. Increased efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl by terpineols and synergistic action with esterified fatty acids. Weed Research 40: 181-189.

6-       Carvalho F.P. 2006. Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety. Environmental Science and Policy 9: 685-692.

7-       Cousens R.D., Weaver S.E., Martin T.D., Blair A.M., and Wilson J. 1991. Dynamic of competition between wild oat (Avena fatua) and winter cereals. Weed Research 31: 203-210.

8-       DeRuiter H., Uffing A.J.M., and Meinen E. 1997. Influence of emulsifiable oils and emulsifier on the performance of phenmedipham, metoxuron, sethoxydim, and quizalofop. Weed Technology 11: 290-297.

9-       Ejim C.E., Fleck B.A., and Amirfazli A. 2007. Analytical study for atomization of biodiesels and their blends in a typical injector: surface tension and viscosity effects. Fuel 86: 1534-1544.

10-    Ghorbani R., Rashed Mohasel M.H., Hosseini A., Mosavi K., and Haj Mohammadnia ghalibaf K. 2009. Sustainable weed management. Published by Ferdowsi university of Mashhad.

11-    Hammami H., Rashed Mohassel M.H., and Aliverdi A. 2011. Surfactant and rainfall influenced clodinafop-propargyl efficacy to control wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.). Australian Journal of Crop Science 5: 39-43.

12-    Hazen J.L. 2000. Adjuvants terminology, classification and chemistry. Weed Technology 14: 773-784.

13-    Hsiao A.I., Liu S.H., and Quick W.A. 1996. Effect of ammonium sulfate on the phytotoxicity, foliar uptake, and translocation of Imazamethabenz in wild oat. Plant Growth Regulation 15: 115-120.

14-    Izadi-Darbandi E., Aliverdi A., and Hammami H. 2013.  Behavior of vegetable oils in relation to their influence on herbicides’ effectiveness. Industrial Crops and Products 44: 712-717.

15-    Jordan D.L., Vidrine P.R., Griffin J.L., and Reynolds D.B. 1996. Influence of adjuvants on efficacy of clethodim. Weed Technology 10: 738-743.

16-    Kazemi H., and Shimi P. 2005. Determination of the host range of Fusarium moniliforme isolated from winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Weed Science 1: 67-72.

17-    Kemper T.G.  2005. Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Oil Extraction. Sixth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

18-    Kim J., Kim D.N., Lee S.H., Yoo S.H., and Lee S. 2010. Correlation of fatty acid composition of vegetable oils with rheological behavior and oil uptake. Food Chemistry 118: 398-402.

19-    Kudsk P., and Mathiassen S.K. 2004. Joint action of amino acid biosynthesis inhibiting herbicides. Weed Research 44: 313-322.

20-    Matysiak R., and Nalewaja J.D. 1999. Temperature, adjuvants, and UV light affect sethoxydim phytotoxicity. Weed Technology 13: 94-99.

21-    Manthey F.A., Nalewaja J.D., and Szeleziank E.F. 1989. Esterifed seed oils with herbicides. In: Adjuvants and Agrochemicals, Vol. II (eds Chow, P.N.P., Ggrant, C.A., Hinshalwood, A.M. and Simundsson, E.). 139-148 pp. CRC Press, Boca Roton, FL.

22-    Manthy F.A., and Nalewaja J.D. 1992. Relative wax solubility and phytotoxicity of oil to green foxtail. In: foy CL,ed, Adjuvants for Agrochemical. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC press. 463-471.

23-    Mehmood S., Orhan I., Ahsan Z., Aslan S., and Gulfraz M. 2008. Fatty acid composition of seed oil of different Sorghum bicolor varieties. Food Chemistry 109: 855-859.

24-    Nandula V.K., Curran W.S., Roth G.W., and Harting N.L. 1995. Effectiveness of adjuvants with nicosulfuron and primisulfuron for wirestem muhly (Muhlenbergia frondosa) control in no-till corn (Zea mays). Weed Technology 9: 525-530.

25-    Nandula V.K., and Messersmith C.G. 2003. Imazamethabenz-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is resistant to diclofop-methyl. Pestcide Biochemistry and Physics 74: 53-61.

26-    Nalewaja J.D., Praczyk T., and Matysiak R. 1995. Surfactants and oils adjuvants with nicosulfuron. Weed Technology 9: 689-695.

27-    Rafalowski R., Zegarska Z., Kuncewicz A., and Borejszo Z. 2008. Fatty acid composition, tocopherols and beta-carotene content in polish commercial vegetable oils. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 7: 278-282.

28-    Rashed- Mohassel M.H., Rastgo M., Mousavi S.K., Valiolahpour R., and Haghighi A. 2006. Principles of weed science (translation). Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press. (In Persian)

29-    Rashed-Mohassel M.H., Aliverdi A., Hammami H., and Zand E. 2010. Optimizing the performance of diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and clodinafop-propargyl on littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor) and wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) control with adjuvants. Weed Biology and Management 10: 57-63.

30-    Rashed-Mohassel M.H., Aliverdi A., and Rahimi S. 2011. Optimizing dosage of sethoxydim and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with adjuvants to control wild oat. Industrial Crops and Products 34: 1583-1587.

31-    Rubio J.C. 2008. Olive Oil History and Facts. Acites Toledo SA. Pp 20.

32-    Salehian H., and Eshaghi O. 2012. Growth analysis some weed species. International Journal of Agriculture Crop Science 4: 730-734.

33-    Sharma S.D., and Singh M. 2000. Optimizing foliar activity of glyphosate on Bidens frondosa and Panicum maximum with different adjuvant types. Weed Research 40: 523-533.

34-    Shibahara A., Yamamoto K., and Kinoshita A. 2008. High-speed analysis of the major components of fatty acid methyl esters by capillary gas chromatography. Lipid Technology 20: 88-90.

35-    Soler L., Caiiellas J., and Saura-Calixto F. 1988. Oil content and fatty acid composition of developing almond seeds. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 36: 695-697.

36-    Tilman D., Cassman K.G., Matson P.A., Naylor R., and Polasky S. 2002. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418:671- 677.

37-    Tind T., Mathiesen T.J., Jensen J.E., Ritz C., and Streibig J.C. 2009. Using a selectivity index to evaluate logarithmic spraying in grass seed crops. Pest Management Science 65: 1257-1262.

38-    Tonks D.J., and Eberlein C.V. 2001. Postemergence weed control with rimsulfuron and various adjuvants in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technology 15: 613-616.

39-    Tu Y.Q., Lin Z.M., and Zhang J.Y. 1986. The effect of leaf shape on the deposition of spray droplets in rice. Crop Protection 5: 3-7.

40-    Were B.A., Onkware A.O., Gudu S., Welander M., and Carlsson A.S. 2006. Seed oil content and fatty acid composition in east African sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions evaluated over 3 years. Field Crop Research 97: 254-260.

41-    46-Young B.G., and Hart S.E. 1998. Optimizing foliar activity of isoxaflutole on giant foxtill (Setaria faberi) with various adjuvants. Weed Science 46: 397-402.

42-    Zand, E. and Baghestani M. A. 2002. Weed Resistance to Herbicide. Published by Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad, Mashhad.

43-    Zand A., Mosavi K., and Heidari A. 2015. Herbicides and their Application. Published by Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad, Mashhad.

44-    Zand E., Nezamabadi N., Baghestani M.A., Shimi P., and Mousavi S.K. 2017. A Guide to Chemical Control of Weeds in Iran. Published by Jahad Daneshgahi of Mashhad, Mashhad.