بررسی وضعیت جذب و استفاده نور در کشت خالص و مخلوط سه گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)، همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) و گاوزبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 46، تیر 1396، صفحه 323-340   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v15i2.49874

نویسندگان

پگاه نقی‌پور دهکردی؛ علیرضا کوچکی^* ؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی؛ سرور خرم دل

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور تعیین و مقایسه کارایی مصرف نور سه گونه گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه، همیشه‌بهار و گاوزبان اروپایی در کشت مخلوط جایگزینی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 93-1392 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل نسبت‌های 50:50 سیاهدانه با گاوزبان (N:B)، سیاهدانه با همیشه‌بهار (N:C)، گاوزبان اروپایی با همیشه‌بهار (B:C)، کشت سه‌گانه با نسبت یک‌سوم از هر گونه (N:C:B) و کشت خالص آن‌ها با تراکم کامل بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان‌دهنده افزایش کارایی مصرف نور هر سه گونه در تیمارهای کشت مخلوط نسبت به تک‌کشتی بود که می‌تواند بدلیل مزیت کشت مخلوط در کاهش رقابت درون‌گونه‌ای و بهره‌وری بیشتر منابع در دسترس به‌خصوص تابش باشد. بالاترین کارایی مصرف نور برای سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)، همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) و گاوزبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.) به‌ترتیب با افزایش 2/7، 09/9 و 37/4 درصدی نسبت به تک کشتی آن‌ها، 34/1، 08/1 و 34/1 گرم بر مگاژول مربوط تیمار کشت مخلوط سه‌گانه بود. میزان کل جذب تابش فعال فتوسنتزی هرکدام از گونه‌ها و همچنین مجموع جذب در تیمار N:C:B کمتر از تابش جذب شده هر یک از گونه‌ها در تیمارهای N:B و C:B و نیز مجموع جذب این تیمارها بود ولی از میزان جذب N:C بیشتر بود که این امر احتمالاً به‌دلیل تراکم نسبتاً مناسب گاوزبان اروپایی در تیمار کشت خالص این گیاه و همچنین تراکم کم هر سه گونه در تیمار N:C:B (یک‌سوم نسبت به کشت خالص) جستجو کرد که با ایجاد مجموع شاخص برگ کمتر، تابش کمتری را دریافت و جذب نموده است. بنابراین، باتوجه به افزایش کارایی مصرف نور به‌نظر می رسد که بهره گیری از کشت مخلوط برای بهبود تولید گیاهان دارویی سیاهدانه، همیشه‌بهار و گاوزبان اروپایی می‌تواند از لحاظ اکولوژیکی مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بهره‌وری منابع؛ تابش فعال فتوسنتزی؛ جذب تابش؛ کشت مخلوط جایگزینی

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