Response of Agronomic Traits of Wheat and Barley to Sources and Different Rates of Selenium in Rainfed Condition

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 5, Volume 15, Issue 2 - Serial Number 46, July 2017, Pages 341-354   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v15i2.50642

Authors

N. A Sajedi^* ; H Madani; A Sajedi

Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University

Abstract

Introduction Environmental stresses affect growth, metabolism and crops yield. Drought is an important stress and it decreases crop productivity. Drought stress symptoms vary, depending on intensity and duration of drought and growth stage of the plant. The first response of plant to drought stress is producing the active oxygen species (ROS) in cell that these cause injury to membranes and proteins. Selenium (Se) application could have beneficial effect on growth and stress tolerance of plants by increasing their activity of antioxidants and reduce the reactive oxygen species over production. Selenium is essential for growth and activities of human and animals. Absorption and accumulation of selenium in plant depend on chemical compound and concentration of selenium in soil. Recent studies have demonstrated that Se increases resistance and antioxidant capacity of plants to various stress. It is reported that selenium application in barley plant no changes the amounts of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under water deficit stress. The current paper studies the response of agronomic traits of wheat and barley to sources and different rates of selenium in rain fed condition.
Materials and Methods In order to investigate response of agronomic traits of wheat and barley to sources and different rates of selenium in rainfed condition, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, during 2014-2015. Experimental factors were included selenium sources at two levels, Sodium selenate and Selenite, Selenium rates at three levels of zero, 18 and 36 g ha-1 and two crop plants of wheat and barley. The wheat rain fed seed Azar 2 cultivar and Barley cultivar Abidar were hand planted at 15 cm spacing in 6 m rows, with one meter borders between the plots. Foliar application of Se was performed at rate of 18 and 36 g ha-1 at appearance of 5th node of stem or Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 43 and at appearance of 75% florescence spikelets or Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 57. At harvesting time, one m2 was harvested from the middle of each plot and the grain and biological yield was evaluated. The data were analyzed SAS software. Means were compared using Duncan's Multiple Range test at P≤0.05
Results and Discussion The results showed that, the spike length without awn of wheat was 10.4% more than barley, but in barley the spike length without awn was 11.2% more than wheat. The spike harvest index in barley was 21.7% more than wheat. Foliar application of 18 g ha-1 selenium increased the grain weight per spike by 4.9% compared with control. The maximum grain weight per spike was obtained from foliar application 18 g ha-1 sodium selenite. Foliar application of 18 and 36 g ha-1 selenium as sodium selenite increased the grain weight per spike by 13.7 and 5.1% compared with control, respectively. Foliar application of 18 g ha-1 Se increased grain and biological yield by 6 and 8.4% compared with control, respectively. The results showed that, the highest biological yield (5784kg ha-1) in wheat was obtained in application of 18 g ha-1 selenium as sodium selenite treatment. The highest biological yield (5889 kg ha-1) in barley was record from application of 18 g ha-1 selenium as sodium selenate. The grain yield of barely was 10% more than wheat in rain fed condition. The highest grain yield (1757 kg ha-1) in wheat was record from foliar application of 18 g ha-1 sodium selenite that, grain yield increased by 9% compared with control. In barley, the highest grain yield was obtained in foliar application of 18 g ha-1 sodium selenite or selenite treatments. It is reported that, the foliar application of selenium under stress conditions was found that increase the antioxidant enzyme activity, consequently reducing oxidative stress and the free radicals which have a decisive effect on plant cells. Some reports showed that selenium could increase the tolerance of plants to stressful environments.
Conclusions In general, it could be concluded that foliar application of 18 g ha-1 selenium as sodium selenate or selenite in stem elongation stage in wheat and barley in rain fed condition was led to obtain optimum grain and biological yield.

Keywords

Azar 2; Abidar; Biological yield; Spike traits

References

1. Alda, S., Camelia, M., Cristina-Elena, T., Mirela, P., Diana R., and Delia, D. 2011. The influence of sodium selenite on biometric parameters of wheat, barley and oat seedlings. Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology 15(4): 8- 12.

2. Amweg, E. L., Stuart, D. L., and Weston, D. P. 2003. Comparative bioavailability of selenium to aquatic organisms after biological treatment of agricultural drainage water. Aquatic Toxicology 63: 13-25.

3. Ansarimaleki, Y., Noormandmoayed, F., Nadermahmoodi, K., Azimzadeh, S. M., Roohi, E., Hesami, A., Soleimani, K., Abediasl, G., Pashapoor, H., Pooralibaba, H. R., Dehgan, M. A., Patpoor, M., Eskandari, I., and Salekzamani, A. 2009. Abidar a new barley cultivar for moderate and cold areas of Iran. Seed and Plant 25-1 (1): 227-230.

4. Apel, K., and Hirt, H. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress and signal transduction. Annual Review Plant Biology 55: 373-399.

5. 5-Artlip, T. S., and Wisniewski, M. E. 2002. Induction of Proteins in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. In: PESSARAKLI, M. (Ed.) Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology. New York: Marcel Dekker p.657-679.

6. Chen, C. C., and Sung, J. M. 2001. Priming bitter gourd seeds with selenium solution enhanced germinability and antioxidative responses under sub-optimal temperature. Physiologia Plantarum 111:9-16.

7. Emam, Y. 2004. Cereal Production. Shiraz University Press. p175.

8. Fargasova, A. 2003. Toxicity comparison of some possible toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn) on young seedlings of Sinapis alba L. Plant, Soil and Environmental 50: 33-38.

9. Foyer, C. H., and Noctor, G. 2000. Oxygen processing in photosynthesis: Regulation and signaling. New Phytologist 146: 359- 388.

10. Habibi, Gh. 2013. Effect of drought stress and selenium spraying on photosynthesis and antioxidant activity of spring barley. Acta agriculturae Slovenica 101(1): 31-39.

11. Hartikainen. H., Xue, T., and Piironen, V. 2000. selenium as an antioxidant and pro-oxidant in ryegrass. Plant and Soil 225:193–200.

12. Hawrylak-Nowak, B., Matraszek, R., and Pogorzelec, M. 2015. The dual effects of two inorganic selenium forms on the growth, selected physiological parameters and macronutrients accumulation in cucumber plants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37 (41): 1-13.

13. Kashin, V. K., and Shubina, O. I. 2011. Biological Effect and Selenium Accumulation in Wheat under Conditions of Selenium Deficient Biogeochemical Province. Chemistry for Sustainable Development 19: 145-150.

14. Kong, L., Wang, M., and Bi, D. 2005. Selenium modulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes, osmotic homeostasis and promotes the growth of sorrel seedlings under salt stress. Plant Growth Regulation 45: 155-163.

15. Li, H., McGrath, S., and Zhao, F. 2008. Selenium uptake, translocation and speciation in wheat supplied with selenate or selenite. New Phytologist 178: 92-102.

16. Lyons, G., Ortiz-Monasterio., I. Stangoulis, J., and Graham, R. 2005. Selenium concentration in wheat grain: Is there sufficient genotypic variation to use in breeding? Plant and Soil 269: 369-380.

17. 17-Nour-mohamadi, G., Siadat A., and Kashani, A. 2004. Agronomy (Cereal crops). Shahid Chamran University Press. Pp446.

18. 18-Ramos, S. J., Faquin,V., Guilherme, L. R. G., Castro, E. M., Avila, F.W., Carvalho, G. S., Bastos, C. E. A., and Oliveira, C. 2010. Selenium biofortification and antioxidant activity in lettuce plants fed with selenate and selenite. Plant, Soil and Environment 56 (12): 584-588.

19. 19- Rodrigo, S., Santamaria1, O., Lopez-Bellido, F. J., and Poblaciones, M. J. 2013. Agronomic selenium biofortification of two-rowed barley under Mediterranean conditions. Plant, Soil and Environment 59(3): 115-120.

20. 20- Roustaie, M. 2001. Bread wheat Azar 2 Cultivar. Papers collection week of researches finding shift of dryland agricultural research institute, East Azarbyjan agriculture organization No. 648.

21. 21-Sajedi, N. A., 2015. Effects of hydro priming and priming with different rates of selenium along with foliar application on yield and yield components of rain fed wheat. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 13(1): 203-210.

22. 22-Sajedi, N. A. and Gholinezhad, A. 2012. Response of yield and yield component of dry land wheat cultivars to salicylic acid and selenium. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 10(3): 614-621.

23. 23- Sajedi, N. A., Madani, H., and Naderi, A. 2011. Effect of microelements and selenium on superoxide dismutase enzyme, malondialdehyde activity and grain yield maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit stress. Notulae Botanicae Horti AgrobotaniciCluj-Napoca 39 (2):153-159.

24. 24- Shanker, A. K. 2006. Countering UV-B stress in plants: does selenium have a role? Plant and Soil 282: 21-26.

25. 25-Tadina, N., Germ, M., Kreft, I., Breznik, B., and Gaberseik, A. 2007. Effects of water deficit and selenium on common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) plants. Photosynthetica, 45: 472- 476.

26. 26-Tapiero, H., Townsend, D. M., and Tew, K. D. 2003. Dossier: Oxidative stress pathologies and antioxidants: The antioxidant role of selenium and seleno-compounds. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 57: 134-144.

27. 27-Turakainen, M., Hartikainen, H., and Seppanen, M. M. 2004. Effects of selenium treatments on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth and concentrations of soluble sugars and starch. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 5378-5382.

28. 28- Wang, J., Wanga, Z., Maoa, H., Zhaoa, H., and Huanga, D. 2013. Increasing Se concentration in maize grain with soil- or foliar-applied selenite on the Loess Plateau in China. Field Crops Research 150: 83-90.

29. 29- Xue, T. L., Hartikainen, H., and Piironen, V. 2001. Antioxidative and growth-promoting effects of selenium on senescing lettuce. Plant and Soil 237: 55-61.

30. 30-Yao, X. Q., Chu, J. Z., and Wang, G.Y. 2009. Effects of selenium on Wheat seedlings under Drought Stress. BiologicalTrace Element Research 130: 283-290.

31. 31- Zadox, J. C., Chang, T. T., and Konzak, C. F. 1974. A decimal code for the growth stages of creals. Weed Res 14: 415-421.

32. 32-Zhng, M., Tang, Sh., Huang, X., Zhang, F., Pang, Y., and Huang, Q. 2014. Selenium uptake, dynamic changes in selenium content and its influence on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 107: 39-45.