Assessment of Genetic Parameters of Agronomic Traits in Bread Wheat using Generation Means Analysis under water-limited Conditions

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 7, Volume 15, Issue 2 - Serial Number 46, July 2017, Pages 389-398   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v15i2.51405

Authors

M Dorrani-Nejad; Gh Mohammadinejad^* ; R Abdoshahi

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

Abstract

Introduction Wheat is the oldest and most important cultivated crop in the world and has fundamental role in human food security. Drought is one of the most common environmental stresses that affect growth and development of plants. Most parts of Iran’s cultivation land are located in arid and semiarid regions and because of water deficiency, plant stress appear and wheat performance reduces severely in these regions. In such circumstances, the production of drought tolerant varieties has special importance. Understand the genetic basis of yield and yield related traits is necessary in breeding programs. One of the best approaches to determine genetic parameters is generation means analysis method, due to it allows breeders to predict epistasis. In order to estimate genetic parameters and evaluation of gene action controlling agronomic traits in bread wheat under moisture stress, F4 families derived from cross between Roushan and Kavir along with F2, F3 and parents, were evaluated under moisture stress.

Materials and Methods Field experiment was carried out in research field of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, during growing season of year 2013-2014 using Augmented design with 5 known check cultivars (Roushan, Falat, Mahdavi, Karchia and Shahpasand). Stress treatment was cut off irrigation at heading stage. Grain yield and some agronomic traits were measured. Generation means analysis method was used to determine genetic parameters including additive effect (d), dominance effect (h), additive × additive [i], and dominance × dominance effect [l] were evaluated for different traits. Generation means analysis was carried out using equation 1.
Y= m+α[d]+β[h]+α2[i]+2αβ[j]+β2[l] (1)
Broad and narrow sense heritability of evaluated traits were estimated according to equation 2 and 3.

Results and Discussion The study revealed a complex genetic control for studied traits. Genetic variation in F2, F3 and F4 was more than parents. Five-parameter model including m, [d], [h], [i] and [l] explained genetic variation for plant height, awn length, grain number per plant, 1000-grains weight, biology and grain yield. While, a four parameter model including m, [h], [i] and [l] were explained genetic diversity of grain filling period and a four-parameter model including m, [d], [h], and [l] was valid for explaining genetic variation of number of spike per plant and harvest index. A three parameter model including m, [d], [i] made the significant contributions to the inheritance of spike length. The additive genetic variance was detected as the most important genetic effect in controlling grain yield, biologic yield, harvest index, 1000-grian weight, awn length, spike length and grain filling period. Therefore, selection in early generations is effective for these traits. High narrow sense heritability of these traits proposes that the most part of genetic variance could be fixed in segregating generations. Broad and narrow sense heritability of studied traits in the present population were 0.46 to 0.96 and 0.16 to 0.93, respectively. 1000-grian weight, grain yield, biologic yield, grain filling period and harvest index had the highest narrow sense heritability, respectively. Therefore in the present population, selection based on these traits could result in good genetic gain. While, dominant effect was more important for plant height, number of spike per plant and grain number per plant. Significant differences between broad and narrow sense heritability of these traits has confirmed the fact that the dominance effect is very important. Therefore, selection should be made in later generations until desirable genes are fixed. Low narrow sense heritability was observed for number of spike per plant (0.16). Therefore, selection based on this trait can not have good genetic gain in present population. In this study, environmental variation was less than additive and dominance variance that show accuracy of the estimations and low impact of the environment on evaluated traits. Plant height, number of spike per plant and grain number per plant showed one degree greater than of dominance. These result showed over dominance of genes controlling mentioned traits.

Conclusions Based on the results obtained in this experiment, it can be concluded that there is a considerable genetic diversity in the population F2, F3, F4 derived of Roushan and Kavir cross which can be used as a high potential population for genetic improvement of evaluated traits. The Results showed that additive variance was more important than dominance in genetic control of evaluated traits. So, selection during early generations is recommended in wheat breeding program of this population.

Keywords

Additive; Cut-off Irrigation; Dominance; Heritability

References

1- Ahmadi, J., Orang, S. F., Zali, A. A., Yazdi-Samadi, B., Ghannadha, M. R., and Taleei, A. R. 2007. Study of yield and its components inheritance in wheat under drought and irrigated conditions. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 11 (1): 201-213. (in Persian).

2- Akhtar, N., and Chowdhry, M. A. 2006. Genetic analysis of yield and some other quantitative traits in bread wheat. International Journal of Agriculture and Bioligy 8(4): 523-527.

3- Azadi, A., Mardi, M., Hervan, E. M., Mohammadi, S. A., Moradi, F., Tabatabaee, M. T., Pirseyedi, S. M., Ebrahimi, M., Fayaz, F., Kazemi, M., Ashkani, S., Nakhoda, B., and Mohammadi-Nejad, G. 2014. QTL mapping of yield and yield components under normal and salt-stress conditions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 33 (1): 102-120.

4- Cheloei, G.R., Mohammadi, A., Bihamta M. R., Ramshini, H. A., and Najafiyahn, G. 2012. Inheritance of drought tolerance in bread wheat using generation mean analysis. Journal of Plant Production 19 (1): 43-66. (in Persian with English abstract).

5- Dashti, H., Naghavi, M. R., and Tajabadipour, A. 2010. Genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in bread wheat crosses. Journal of Agriculthral Science and Technology 12 (3): 347-356.

6- Dere, F., and Yidirim, M. B. 2006. Inheritance of Grain yield per plant, flag leaf width, and length in an 8x8 diallel cross population of bread wheat (T. aestivum). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 30: 339-345.

7- Erkul, A., Unay, A., and Konak, C. 2010. Inheritance of yield and yield components in a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cross. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 15 (2): 137-140.

8- Fethi, B., and Mohamed, E. G. 2010. Epistasis and genotype-by-environment interaction of grain yield related traits in durum wheat. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 2 (2): 024-029.

9- Gol-Abadi, M., Arzani, A., and Mirmohammady Maibody, S. A. M. 2008. Genetic analysis of some morphological traits in durum wheat by generation mean analysis under normal and drought stress conditions. Grain and Plant Improvement Journal 24 (1): 99-116 (in Persian).

10- Hamze, H., Saba, J., Jabari, f., Nassiri, J., and Alavi Hosseini, M., 2009. Estimation of components variation, genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of Grain yield and its component in bread wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) under rainfed conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 2 (1): 29-38. (in Persian with English abstract).

11- Kamaluddin, R., Singh, M., Prasad, L. C., Abdin, M. Z., and Joshi, A. K. 2007. Combining ability analysis for Grain filling duration and yield traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). Genetics and Molecular Biology. 30 (2): 411-416.

12- Kearsey, M. J., and Pooni, H. S. 1998. Genetic analysis of Quantitative Traits. Stanley thornes (Publishers) Ltd., United Kingdom, 381p.

13- Khattab S. A. M., Esmail, R. M., and Abd EL-Rahman, M. F. 2010. Genetical analysis of some quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) New York Science Journal 3 (11): 152-157.

14- Mather, K., and Jinks, L. 1982. Biometrical genetics: the study of continuous variation. Chapman and Hall. London. 390p.

15- McIntyre, C. L., Mathews, K., Rattey, A., Chapman, S. C., Drenth, J., Ghaderi, M., Reynolds, M., and Shorter, R. 2010. Molecular detection of genomic regions associated with Grain yield and yield-related components in an elite bread wheat cross evaluated under irrigated and rainfed conditions.Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 120 (3): 527-541.

16- Moradi Ashour, B., Arzani, A., Rezaei, A., and Mirmohammady Maibody, S. A. M. 2006. Study of inheritance of yield and related traits in five crosses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Water and Soil Science. 9 (4): 123-136. (in Persian).

17- Mostafavi, K., Hosseinzadeh, A., and Zeinali Khanghah, H. 2004. Gene action for some quantitative traits in bread wheat: Sardari * Line No. 14 cross. Grain. Plant 6 (2): 159-171. (in Persian with English abstract).

18- Munir, M., Chowdhry, M. A., and Ahsan, M. 2007. Generation means Studies in Bread Wheat under Drought Condition. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 9 (2): 282-286.

19- Novoselovic, D., Baric, M., Drezner, G., Gunjaca, J., and Lalic, A. 2004. Quantitative inheritance of some wheat plant traits. Genetics and Molecular Biology 27 (1): 92-98.

20- Ojaghi, J., Salayeva, S., and Eshghi, R. 2010. Inheritance pattern of important quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). World Applied Sciences Journal 11 (6): 711-717.

21- Sharma, S. N., and Sain, R. S., 2004. Inheritance of days to heading days to maturity, plant height and Grain yield in an inter-vapietal cross of durum wheat. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 36 (2): 73-82.

22- Sheikh, S., Singh, I., and Singh, J. 2000. Inheritance of some quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). Annals of Agricultural Research 21 (1): 51-54.

23- Singh, R. P., and Singh, S. 1992. Estimation of genetic parameters through generation means analysis in bread wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics 52 (4): 369-375.

24- Toklu, F., and Yagbasanlar, T. 2007. Genetic analysis of kernel size and kernel weight in bread wheat (T. aestivum L.). Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6 (5): 844-848.