مقایسه چند سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب روستایی از نظر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و عناصر سنگین

آب و خاک

مقاله 3، دوره 29، شماره 2، خرداد 1394، صفحه 322-335   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29481

نویسنده

نجمه یزدان پناه^*

دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمان

چکیده

آلودگی و انتقال آلاینده‌ها از طریق فاضلاب یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل زیست محیطی است. مطالعه وضعیت فاضلاب حاصل از تصفیه در مناطق روستایی کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی و ارزیابی کارایی چند سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب روستایی در کاهش آلودگی ناشی از فاضلاب و عناصر سنگین می پردازد. نمونه برداری از فاضلاب قبل و بعد از چهار سیستم تصفیه فاضلاب در روستاهای اطراف زرند هر یک در 10 مرحله و در فواصل زمانی یک هفته ای (در مجموع تعداد 80 نمونه) انجام شد. مقدار BOD، COD، TOC، EC، TSS، TDS، DO، TKN، TP، pH، درجه حرارت، کدورت و قلیاییت و همچنین غلظت عناصر سنگین کادمیوم، روی، سرب، نیکل و مولیبدن با روش های استاندارد اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بعد از تصفیه، بین مقادیر DO، کادمیوم و مولیبدن مربوط به چهار سیستم تصفیه تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت ولی سایر خصوصیات تفاوت معنی داری در بین چهار سیستم تصفیه نشان داد. از طرفی، مقدار فسفر کل در همه سیستم ها نسبت به حد مجاز افزایش و مقدار کدورت کاهش یافت. در مقابل، در همه سیستم ها، مقدار اکسیژن محلول بیشتر از حد مجاز بود. در همه سیستم ها بعد از تصفیه، غلظت کادمیوم و سرب کاهش و غلظت نیکل افزایش یافت با این وجود، غلظت همه عناصر سنگین مورد مطالعه غیر از مولیبدن، در ورودی و خروجی کمتر از حد مجاز بود. بنابراین، ادامه انجام تحقیقات در خصوص منشأیابی مولیبدن با توجه به اثرات سمی ناشی از آن (40 برابر حد مجاز) در مناطق روستایی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آلاینده‌ها؛ حد مجاز آلودگی؛ زرند؛ فاضلاب روستایی؛ فلزات سنگین

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