بررسی شاخص‌های رشد و مراحل فنولوژیک کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) در شرایط استفاده از منابع تغذیه‌ای زیستی و شیمیایی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 49، فروردین 1397، صفحه 15-34   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i1.49991

نویسندگان

محمدجواد مصطفوی؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی؛ علیرضا کوچکی^*

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای مختلف زیستی و شیمیایی بر شاخص‌های رشد و مراحل فنولوژیکی کنجد آزمایشی در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کودهای زیستی نیتروکسین (Ni)، بیوفسفر (BP)، بیوسولفور (PS)، ترکیب زیستی دوگانه Ni+BP و سه‌گانه Ni+BP+BS، کودهای شیمیایی اوره (U)، سوپرفسفات تریپل (P)، ترکیب شیمیایی دوگانه U+P و سه‌گانه U+P به‌علاوه گوگرد (S) عنصری (U+P+S) و شاهد (بدون مصرف کود) بود. نتایج این آزمایش نشان‌دهنده برتری تیمارهای ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی نسبت کاربرد تکی آن کودها بود. بر این اساس تیمارهای ترکیبی دوگانه و سه‌گانه زیستی و شیمیایی بهترین روند شاخص‌های رشدی تأثیرگذار بر تولید ماده خشک (شاخص سطح برگ و سرعت رشد محصول) را نسبت به شاهد داشتند که منجر به تجمع بیشتر ماده خشک در این تیمارها گردید. بالاترین نقطه اوج سرعت آسیمیلاسیون خالص نیز در تیمار دوگانه زیستی مشاهده شد. هرچند در این آزمایش در تیمارهای مختلف از نظر شاخص‌های رشدی تفاوت‌هایی مشاهده شد و با وجودی که سبز شدن گیاهچه‌ها در تیمارهای زیستی زودتر اتفاق افتاد، اما تحلیل‌های آماری نشان داد که مراحل مختلف فنولوژیکی کنجد از هیچ‌کدام از تیمارهای این آزمایش تأثیر معنی‌داری نپذیرفت. بنابراین از یافته‌های این پژوهش چنین نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و کودهای شیمیایی در بهبود شرایط رشدی گیاه اثر قابل توجهی داشته و تغییری در فنولوژی گیاه به‌وجود نمی‌آورند. نهایتاً با توجه به مزایای استفاده از کودهای زیستی، استفاده از ترکیب کودهای زیستی به‌عنوان بهترین گزینه برای تولید کنجد پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اوره؛ درجه روز رشد؛ سرعت رشد محصول؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ نیتروکسین

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