اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر شکل‌های فسفر معدنی در خاک‌های لسی منطقه توشن استان گلستان

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 29، شماره 2، خرداد 1394، صفحه 453-465   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.29183

نویسندگان

سمیرا تجری؛ مجتبی بارانی مطلق^* ؛ فرهاد خرمالی؛ فرشاد کیانی

دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

شکل ها و پویایی فسفر در خاک می تواند تا حدود زیادی تحت تأثیر عملیات مدیریتی کشاورزی قرار گیرد. از آن‌جائی‌که فسفر معدنی منبع غالب برای جذب گیاهی است، لذا آگاهی از شکل های معدنی در خاک ها برای درک و دانستن زیست فراهمی فسفر و پایداری عملیات کشاورزی ضروری است. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر شکل ها و توزیع فسفر معدنی با استفاده از روش عصاره گیری دنباله ای بود. بدین منظور از چهار کاربری (جنگل، مرتع، باغ زیتون، زمین کشاورزی)، بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار نمونه‌برداری تصادفی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که از بین بردن جنگل های طبیعی و تبدیل آن ها به مزارع کشاورزی مقادیر فسفر کل و فسفر کل آلی را به طور معنی داری کاهش داد. افزون بر این، تبدیل کاربری اراضی از جنگل های طبیعی به اکوسیستم های کشاورزی موجب افزایش معنی دار فسفر کل معدنی و شکل های مختلف فسفر معدنی (فسفر لبایل، فسفر نامحبوس، فسفر محبوس در اکسیدهای آهن و آلومینیوم، فسفات های کلسیم محلول و فسفات های کلسیم کم محلول) شد. بیشترین تغییرات را فسفر معدنی لبایل از خود نشان داد، به گونه ای که میزان فسفر لبایل معدنی در اثر تغییر کاربری از 75/1 در اراضی جنگلی به 01/13 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم در اراضی زراعی تغییر یافت که نشانگر افزایش حدوداً 8 برابری نسبت به شاهد (کاربری جنگل) بود. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که فسفر معدنی مقاوم (عصاره گیری شده با اسید) شکل غالب فسفر معدنی در خاک های مورد مطالعه بوده و 50 تا 70 درصد از فسفر کل معدنی را شامل می شود که می تواند بیانگر این باشد که کربنات کلسیم فراهمی فسفر در این خاک ها را کنترل می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغییر کاربری؛ جزءبندی فسفر؛ عصاره گیری دنباله ای؛ فسفر معدنی

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