تأثیر روش‏های خاک‎ورزی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی و کاربرد کود نیتروژن بر انتشار گاز دی‏اکسید‏کربن از خاک تحت کشت ذرت (Zea mays L.)

آب و خاک

مقاله 9، دوره 29، شماره 2، خرداد 1394، صفحه 489-503   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.41904

نویسندگان

روح اله مرادی^{* 1}؛ علیرضا کوچکی²؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی²؛ حامد منصوری²

¹دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی اثر انواع شخم، مدیریت بقایای ذرت و سطوح کود نیتروژن بر میزان انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن جهت کاهش اثرات منفی تغییرات اقلیم انجام شد. بدین منظور، یک آزمایش دو ساله (1390 و 1391) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی مشهد به‏صورت اسپلیت پلات نواری بر پایه طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتورهای اصلی شامل انواع شخم (1- شخم رایج و 2- شخم حداقل) و مدیریت بقایای ذرت (1- حفظ بقایای گیاهی محصول سال قبل و 2- عدم وجود بقایای گیاهی) که عمود بر هم اجرا شدند و فاکتور فرعی شامل سطوح مختلف کود اوره (صفر، 150، 300 و 450 کیلوگرم در هکتار) که در داخل شخم اسپلیت گردید، بودند. نتایج نشان داد که میزان انتشار دی‏اکسید کربن برای سال 1390 و 1391 در شخم رایج حدود 15 و 10 درصد بیشتر از شخم حداقل بود. حفظ بقایا در سطح خاک منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار انتشار دی‏اکسید کربن نسبت به شرایط عدم وجود بقایای گیاهی در هر دو سال آزمایش شد. به‏طوری‏که، میزان انتشار در شرایط وجود بقایای گیاهی در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب حدود 36/4 و 37/5 برابر انتشار در عدم حضور بقایای گیاهی بود. با افزایش سطوح کود نیتروژن میزان انتشار گاز دی‏اکسید کربن افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که میزان انتشار در سال دوم تحت تأثیر کلیه اثرات ساده و متقابل تیمارهای مورد بررسی بیشتر از سال اول آزمایش بود. در بررسی انتشار روزانه دی‏اکسید کربن، مشاهده شد که میزان انتشار در هر دو سال آزمایش بیشتر تحت تأثیر بقایای گیاهی قرار گرفت تا نوع شخم و سطوح کود اوره. میزان این صفت تحت تأثیر شخم رایج، وجود بقایای ذرت و سطوح بالای مصرف اوره بالاتر از شخم حداقل، عدم حضور بقایا و سطوح پایین کودی بود. نتایج رگرسیون خطی بین درجه حرارت هوا و میانگین انتشار روزانه دی‏اکسید کربن نشان داد که همبستگی مثبت بین درجه حرارت هوا و انتشار دی‏اکسید کربن وجود داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اتاقک بسته؛ تخفیف؛ تغییر اقلیم؛ گاز گلخانه‏ای؛ گاوآهن

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