تغییرات نسبت کربن به نیتروژن خاک و پاسخ رشدی گیاه دارویی شاهدانه (Cannabis sativa L.) در واکنش به سطوح مختلف کودهای دامی و شیمیایی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 49، فروردین 1397، صفحه 137-152   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i1.60300

نویسندگان

سمانه لاله^* ؛ مجید جامی الاحمدی؛ سهیل پارسا

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

یکی از نکات مهم در بهبود مدیریت زراعی و تولید گیاهان دارویی، ارزیابی سیستم‌های مختلف تغذیه گیاه است. جهت بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کودهای دامی و شیمیایی بر گیاه دارویی شاهدانه، آزمایشی در سال 1394- 1393 به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه‌ی تحقیقاتی دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام گرفت. تیمارهای مورد آزمایش شامل کود دامی (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 تن در هکتار کود گاوی پوسیده شده) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و کود نیتروژن (صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار از منبع کود اوره) به همراه کود فسفر (صفر و 80 کیلوگرم فسفر خالص در هکتار از منبع کود سوپرفسفات تریپل) به‌صورت فاکتوریل به‌عنوان کرت فرعی بودند. نمونه‌برداری در دو مرحله‌ی رویشی و زایشی گیاه انجام گرفت. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اثر کود دامی در مرحله‌ی رویشی بر ارتفاع و قطر ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه و برگ معنی‌دار نبود، اما کود شیمیایی نیتروژن اثر معنی‌داری بر ویژگی‌های رشد داشت. در سطوح صفر، 10 و 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی با افزایش سطح کود نیتروژن، عملکرد بیولوژیک و دانه افزایش یافت. با افزایش سطح کود دامی و نیتروژن شاخص برداشت کاهش یافت، به‌طوری‌که کاربرد 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن، از طریق افزایش بیشتر رشد رویشی این شاخص را به‌ترتیب 20/18 و 07/13 درصد کاهش دادند. افزایش سطح کودهای نیتروژن و دامی در کاهش نسبتC/N خاک در مرحله زایشی مؤثر بود. اضافه نمودن فسفر سبب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه (13درصد)، وزن خشک ساقه (42/6 درصد) و برگ (21/15) در مرحله زایشی شد. بر طبق نتایج آزمایش کاربرد تلفیقی 30 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 50 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و همچنین 20 تن در هکتار کود دامی و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن سطوح مناسبی برای تغذیه‌ی شاهدانه هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اوره؛ سوپرفسفات تریپل؛ کود گاوی

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