اثرات تاریخ کاشت، کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‏های حل‌کننده فسفات و محلول‏پاشی عناصر روی و بور بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی گندم نان (رقم افلاک)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 49، فروردین 1397، صفحه 165-179   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i1.61058

نویسندگان

حسین کمائی؛ حمیدرضا عیسوند^* ؛ فرهاد نظریان فیروزآبادی

دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

به‏منظور بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت، کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‏های حل‌کننده فسفات و محلول‏پاشی عناصر روی و بور بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و زراعی گندم نان (رقم افلاک)، آزمایشی به‏صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با 16 تیمار و سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در شهرستان رامهرمز اجرا گردید. عامل‏های آزمایشی شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح مناسب (30 آبان) و تأخیری (15 دی) به‏عنوان عامل اصلی و کاربرد کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‏های حل‌کننده فسفات در دو سطح عدم بذر مال و بذر مال و محلول‏پاشی عناصر روی و بور در چهار سطح با آب (شاهد)، روی، بور و روی + بور (هر کدام سه لیتر در هکتار) به‏صورت فاکتوریل به‏عنوان عامل‏ فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با تأخیر در کاشت به‏دلیل تنش گرمای انتهایی غیر از میزان پرولین برگ کلیه صفات شاخص کلروفیل برگ (SPAD)، شاخص پایداری غشای سلول، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (Fv/Fm)، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت به‏طور معنی‏داری کاهش یافت. اثر متقابل تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‏های حل‌کننده فسفات و محلول‏پاشی عناصر روی و بور غیر از شاخص برداشت، صفات شاخص کلروفیل برگ (SPAD)، میزان پرولین برگ، شاخص پایداری غشای سلول، Fv/Fm، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک را به‏ترتیب به‏طور معنی‏داری به‏میزان %37/3، %29/12، %48/6، %02/3، %25/17 و %04/22 تحت تاریخ کاشت تأخیری بهبود بخشید. در این آزمایش مشاهده شد که تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی حاوی باکتری‏های حل‌کننده فسفات نسبت به تیمار محلول‏پاشی عناصر روی و بور و هم‏چنین محلول‏پاشی عنصر روی نسبت به بور تأثیر بیشتری در بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک و افزایش عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک گندم نان (رقم افلاک) در هر دو تاریخ کاشت مناسب و تأخیری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش گرما؛ عناصر ریزمغذی؛ غلات؛ کلروفیل

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