واکنش چند رقم گندم نان به محلول‌پاشی فرم‌های مختلف روی و آهن در دو منطقه با خاک متفاوت

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 49، فروردین 1397، صفحه 203-216   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i1.61570

نویسندگان

الیاس آرزمجو^{* 1}؛ محمدعلی بهدانی¹؛ سهراب محمودی¹؛ بهزاد صادق زاده²

¹دانشگاه بیرجند

²موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور

چکیده

روی (Zn) و آهن (Fe) از عناصر ریزمغذی ضروری برای رشد گیاه و انسان هستند و کمبود آن‌ها در رژیم غذایی، یک مشکل بزرگ تغذیه‌ای در دنیا به‌حساب می‌آید. به منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی فرم‌های مختلف روی و آهن بر اجزای عملکرد، صفات فنولوژیک، مورفولوژیک و عملکرد دانه برخی ارقام گندم در دو منطقه با خصوصیات خاک متفاوت، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در سال زراعی 95-1394 به اجرا درآمد. عوامل مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از: ارقام گندم (شامل روشن و بک‌کراس روشن (ارقام قدیمی)، بم و افق (ارقام جدید))، مصرف روی در سه سطح محلول‌پاشی با آب (شاهد)، سولفات‌روی و کلات‌روی و مصرف آهن نیز در سه سطح محلول‌پاشی با آب (شاهد)، سولفات‌آهن و کلات‌آهن (معادل 5/2 کیلوگرم در هکتار). نتایج نشان داد که ارقام جدید از ارتفاع و طول پدانکل کم‌تر و طول دوره پر شدن دانه، طول سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت بیشتری برخوردار بودند. محلول‌پاشی روی و آهن منجر به بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد دانه شد و محلول‌پاشی سولفات‌روی و سولفات‌آهن در هر دو منطقه مورد بررسی (به‌خصوص در منطقه امیرآباد با شوری و pH بیشتر خاک) نتیجه بهتری در مقایسه با فرم کلاته این عناصر داشت. درنهایت با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، کشت ارقام جدید بم و افق و محلول‌پاشی فرم‌های سولفاته روی و آهن برای تولید گندم در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزای عملکرد؛ شوری؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عناصر ریزمغذی

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