اثر روش کاشت پشته مرتفع و نیتروژن بر شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن و عملکرد گندم

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 10، دوره 16، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 49، فروردین 1397، صفحه 243-261   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i1.63385

نویسندگان

علیرضا کوچکی؛ سرور خرم دل^* ؛ جواد شباهنگ

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر کاشت پشته مرتفع و سطوح اوره بر شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن، عملکرد کمی و محتوای نیتروژن گندم در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 95-1394 انجام شد. دو روش کاشت (مرسوم و پشته مرتفع) و پنج سطح صفر، 100، 200، 300 و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان عامل‌های اصلی و فرعی مدنظر قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، محتوی نیتروژن دانه و کاه و شاخص‌های کارایی نیتروژن (جذب، تبدیل و مصرف) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل روش کاشت و کود اوره بر عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک، محتوی نیتروژن دانه و کاه، کارایی جذب، تبدیل و مصرف نیتروژن معنی‌دار (05/0≥p) بود. بالاترین و پایین‌ترین کارایی جذب نیتروژن به‌ترتیب برای تیمار پشته مرتفع و بدون مصرف نیتروژن (45/0 کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن خاک) و روش رایج و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار (14/0 کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن خاک) به‌دست آمد. شاخص‌های کارایی جذب و مصرف نیتروژن در روش پشته مرتفع بالاتر از روش رایج بود. بیشترین و کمترین کارایی مصرف نیتروژن به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای پشته مرتفع و شاهد (65/36 کیلوگرم نیتروژن دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه) و روش رایج و 400 کیلوگرم اوره در هکتار (63/10 کیلوگرم نیتروژن دانه بر کیلوگرم نیتروژن گیاه) بود. با افزایش مصرف اوره از صفر به 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کارایی مصرف نیتروژن 62 درصد کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پشته مرتفع؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کارایی تبدیل نیتروژن؛ محتوی نیتروژن

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