تأثیر جهت‌های شیب متفاوت بر برخی ویژگی ها و تکامل خاک های جنگلی (مطالعه موردی: رستم آباد، استان گیلان)

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 29، شماره 3، شهریور 1394، صفحه 648-662   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.31149

نویسندگان

مسلم زرینی بهادر¹؛ کمال نبی اللهی²؛ مهدی نوروزی^{* 3}

¹دانشگاه شهرکرد

²دانشگاه کردستان

³دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر جهت های متفاوت شیب بر پیدایش و ویژگی های خاک، در خاک های جنگلی منطقه رستم آباد شمالی در استان گیلان انجام شده است. پنج خاکرخ در دامنة جنوبی تپه با پوشش جنگلی انجیلی- بلوط و پنج خاکرخ در دامنة شمالی تپه با همان پوشش جنگلی با شیب برابر 40 درصد و مواد مادری مشابه آندزیت بازالتی حفر شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون های تجزیه واریانس چند متغیره (MANOVA) و T2 هتلینگ اختلاف کلی خصوصیات خاک را بین دو جهت شیب متفاوت نشان داد. نتایج آزمون t نشان داد مقدار pH، شن، نسبت شن به رس و فسفر قابل دسترس در شیب جنوبی بیشتر از شیب شمالی بوده است. مقدار رس و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی در شیب شمالی به‌طور معنی داری بیشتر از شیب جنوبی می باشد. مطالعات میکرومورفولوژیکی نشان داد که فعالیت بیولوژیکی قوی تر در شیب شمالی نسبت به شیب جنوبی وجود دارد. بیشتر بودن تجمع رس درون حفرات، قطعات پوشش رسی (پاپیول)، حفرات چمبر، نودول ها و ریزلایه های اکسید آهن- منگنز در شیب شمالی، و بقایای سنگی بیشتر در شیب جنوبی، همگی از دلایل هوادیدگی بیشتر خاک در شیب شمالی نسبت به شیب جنوبی می باشد. بطور کلی شیب جنوبی، دارای خاک های با تحول کمتر (انتی سول) و شیب شمالی دارای خاک های با تکامل بیشتر (آلفی سول) می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیولوژی خاک؛ خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک؛ میکرومورفولوژی خاک؛ نودول های اکسید آهن- منگنز

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