تأثیر کود سبز و مقادیر مختلف نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد خرفه (Portulaca oleracea L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 50، تیر 1397، صفحه 317-332   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i2.57017

نویسندگان

حامد جوادی¹؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم^{* 1}؛ محمدحسن راشد محصل¹؛ محمد جواد ثقه الاسلامی²

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد بیرجند

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کود سبز و مقادیر نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد خرفه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بیرجند به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. چهار نوع کود سبز شامل: شاهد (بدون کود سبز)، ماشک گل خوشه‌ای (Vicia villosa L.)، منداب (Eruca sativa L.) و مخلوط منداب و ماشک گل خوشه‌ای به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و سه سطح نیتروژن خالص شامل: صفر (شاهد)، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق شامل شاخص کلروفیل‌متر، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، درصد و عملکرد روغن، عملکرد تر و خشک ساقه، برگ و کل و نسبت برگ به ساقه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که هیچ‌یک از ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه در چین اول تحت تأثیر کود سبز، نیتروژن و اثر متقابل این دو عامل قرار نگرفت. در چین دوم اثر نیتروژن و اثر متقابل کود سبز و نیتروژن بر ارتفاع بوته، تعداد کپسول در بوته، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار بود و افزایش نیتروژن باعث افزایش این صفات گردید. درمجموع دو چین اثر کود سبز سبب افزایش معنی‌دار درصد روغن گردید. هم‌چنین اثر نیتروژن بر عملکرد تر و خشک ساقه، برگ و کل معنی‌دار بود، به‌طوری‌که افزایش نیتروژن باعث افزایش این ویژگی‌های گردید. اثر متقابل کود سبز و نیتروژن درمجموع دو چین بر هیچ‌یک از ویژگی‌های فوق معنی‌دار نشد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، کود سبز و نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی دانه تأثیری نداشت، اما با در نظر گرفتن هزینه تولید و مسائل زیست ‌محیطی کاربرد 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار جهت تولید علوفه در شهرستان بیرجند مناسب می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

روغن دانه؛ عملکرد دانه؛ عملکرد علوفه؛ ماشک گل خوشه‌ای؛ منداب

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