بررسی سیستم‌های مختلف تغذیه‌ای: کودهای ارگانیک، غیرارگانیک و تلفیقی، بر چگونگی تغییرات پروتئین دانه گندم

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 16، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 50، تیر 1397، صفحه 381-392   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v16i2.62633

نویسندگان

الهام امجدیان^* ؛ احمد قنبری

دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

گندم یک منبع مهم پروتئینی و تغذیه‌ای برای جوامع بشری بوده، که میزان پروتئین دانه به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین جزء تعیین‌کننده کیفیت دانه، نقش مهمی در کیفیت و ارزش غذایی محصول و هم‌چنین نان تولیدی آن دارد. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی چگونگی تغییرات (افزایش و یا کاهش) میزان پروتئین دانه گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)، تحت کاربرد سیستم‌های مختلف تغذیه کودی، در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 93- 1392، در پژوهشکده کشاورزی وابسته به دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل: T1. شاهد، T2. کود دامی، T3. کود ورمی‌کمپوست، T4. کود شیمیایی NPK، ‌‌‌T5. کود ورمی‌کمپوست‌+کود ‌‌نیتروکسین، T6. کود دامی‌+کود ‌‌‌نیتروکسین، T7. کود دامی‌‌‌+‌‌‌کود ‌‌‌شیمیاییNPK ، (با نسبت‌های‌ مساوی) در بررسی عملکرد دانه، شاخص‌برداشت، نیتروژن خاک، نیتروژن دانه، پروتئین دانه، درصد رطوبت، خاکستر و ماده آلی دانه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد استفاده از سیستم‌های مختلف کودی بر تمام صفات مورد مطالعه در سطح احتمال (01/0P≤)، معنی‌دار بود. استفاده از کودهای دامی و شیمیایی به‌صورت تلفیقی، شاخص برداشت و عملکرد دانه را نسبت به سایر تیمارها، افزایش داد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان غلظت نیتروژن دانه با مقادیر ‌‌41/‌2 و ‌‌‌62/‌1 درصد و میزان پروتئین دانه با مقادیر 14‌‌ و ‌‌‌‌‌44/‌9 درصد به‌ترتیب به تیمار کودهای شیمیایی و شاهد اختصاص یافت، به‌طوری که استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی موجب افزایش 48/0 درصدی پروتئین دانه، نسبت به شاهد گردید. بر این اساس نیتروژن یکی از مهم‌ترین عواملی می‌باشد که تأثیر به‌سزایی در میزان پروتئین دانه داشته و تولید محصول به‌مقدار زیادی تحت کاربرد این عنصر قرار گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کودهای آلی؛ کودهای تلفیقی دامی و شیمیایی؛ کودهای شیمیایی؛ کیفیت دانه؛ نیتروژن

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