اثرات ریزوسفری لوبیا بر برخی از ویژگی های میکروبیولوژیکی و شیمیایی در خاک های تیمار شده با لجن فاضلاب شهری

آب و خاک

مقاله 12، دوره 29، شماره 4، مهر 1394، صفحه 1033-1045   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.30133

نویسندگان

طاهره رئیسی^{* 1}؛ علیرضا حسین پور²؛ فایز رئیسی²

¹پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

²دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی اثرات ریزوسفر لوبیا بر بعضی از ویژگی های میکروبیولوژیکی و شیمیایی در 10 خاک آهکی تیمار نشده و تیمار شده با لجن فاضلاب شهری در ریزوباکس اجرا شد. بدین منظور در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار، لوبیا در ریزوباکس های تهیه شده کشت شد. در پایان دوره کشت، گیاه برداشت، ریزوباکس ها باز، خاک‏های ریزوسفری و غیرریزوسفری جدا، و فسفاتاز قلیایی، فسفاتاز اسیدی، کربن آلی محلول، کربن زیست توده میکروبی، فسفر زیست توده میکروبی و فسفر محلول (قابل استخراج با کلرید کلسیم رقیق) تعیین گردید. نتایج نشان داد عموماً در هر دو تیمار (با و بدون کاربرد لجن فاضلاب شهری) مقادیر فسفاتازهای اسیدی و قلیایی، کربن آلی محلول، کربن و فسفر زیست توده میکروبی در خاک ریزوسفری به طور معنی داری بالاتر از خاک غیرریزوسفری بود. با این وجود، مقدار فسفر محلول در خاک‏های ریزوسفر هر دو تیمار کمتر از خاک های غیرریزوسفری بود که با افزایش میزان فسفر زیست توده میکروبی مطابقت دارد. علاوه براین، افزودن لجن فاضلاب چه در خاک های ریزوسفری و چه در خاک های غیرریزوسفری منجر به افزایش معنی دار کربن آلی محلول، کربن و فسفر زیست توده میکروبی، فسفر محلول ولی کاهش معنی دار فسفاتاز اسیدی و قلیایی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زیست توده میکروبی؛ فسفاتازها؛ فسفر محلول؛ خاک آهکی

مراجع

1- Agbenin J.O., and Adeniyi T. 2005. The microbial biomass properties of a savanna soil under improved grass and legume pastures in northern Nigeria. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 109: 245–254.

2- Balik J., Pavlikova D., Vaněk V., Kulhanek M., and Kotkova B. 2007. The influence of long-term sewage sludge application on the activity of phosphatases in the rhizosphere of plants. Plant and Soil Environment, 53: 375–381.

3- Bremner J.M. 1996. Nitrogen-total. p. 1085-1121. In: D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 chemical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.

4- Brookes P.C., Powlson D.S., and Jenkinson D.S. 1982. Measurement of microbial biomass phosphorus in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 14: 319-329.

5- Chauhan B.S., Stewart J.W.B., and Paul E.A. 1981. Effect of labile inorganic phosphate status and organic carbon additions on the microbial uptake of phosphorus in soil. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 61 373–385.

6- Cheng W., Zhang Q., and Coleman D.C. 1996. Is available carbon limiting microbial respiration in the rhizosphere?. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 28: 1283-1288.

7- Chpman H.D. 1965. Cation exchange capacity. p. 891-901. In: C.A. Black (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2 chemical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.

8- Demoling, F., Figueroa, D., and Baath, E., 2007. Comparison of factors limiting bacterial growth in different soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39: 2485-2495.

9- De Neergaard A., and Magid J. 2001. Influence of the rhizosphere on microbial biomass and recently formed organic matter. Europian Journal of Soil Science, 52: 377-384.

10- Eivazi F., and Tahatahai M.A. 1977. Phosphatase in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 9: 167-172.

11- Fernandes S.A.P., Bettiol W., and Cerri C.C. 2005. Effect of sewage sludge on microbial biomass basal respiration metabolic quotient and soil enzymatic activity. Applied Soil Ecology, 30: 65–77.

12- George T.S., Gregory P.J., Wood M., Read D., and Buresh R.J. 2002. Phosphatase activity and organic acids in the rhizosphere of potential agroforestry species and maize. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34: 1487-1494.

13- Gee G.H., and Bauder J.W. 1986. Particle size analysis. p. 383-409. In: A. Klute (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2 physical properties. SSSA, Madison, WI.

14- Hedley M.J., Stewart J.W.B., and Chauhan B.S. 1982. Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions by cultivation practice and by laboratory incubations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46:970–976.

15- Helal H.M., and Sauerbeck D. 1989. Carbon Turnover in the Rhizosphere. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 152: 211-216.

16- Hinsinger P. 1998: How do plant roots acquire mineral nutrients? Chemical processes involved in the rhizosphere. Advances in Agronomy, 64: 225-26.

17- Jenkinson D.S., and Ladd J. N. 1981. Microbial biomass in soil: measurement and turnover. p. 415-471. In: E.A. Paul and J.N. Ladd (eds.) Soil Biochemistry. Vol. 5 Marcel Dekker, New York.

18- Juma N.G., and Tabatabai M.A. 1977. Effects of trace elements on phosphatase activity in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 41: 343–346.

19- Khoshgoftarmanesh A.H. Advanced Topics in plant nutrition. Isfahan University of Technology Publisher, Isfahan. (in Persian)

20- Kuo S. 1996. Phosphorus. p. 869-920. In: D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 chemical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.

21- Kwabiah A.B., Palm C.A., Stoskopf N.C., and Voroney R.P. 2003. Response of soil microbial biomass dynamics to quality of plant materials with emphasis on P availability. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35: 207–216.

22- Li Y.F., Luo A.C., Wei X.H., and Yao X.G. 2008. Changes in phosphorus fractions pH and phosphatase activity in rhizosphere of two rice genotypes. Pedosphere, 18: 785-794.

23- Lima J.A., Nahas E., and Gomes A.C. 1996. Microbial populations and activities in sewage sludge and phosphate fertilizer-amended soil. Applies Soil Ecology, 4: 75-82.

24- Liu L., Gundersen P., Zhang T., andMo J.M. 2012. Effects of phosphorus addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in three forest types in tropical China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 44:31-38.

25- Loeppert R.H., and Sparks D.L. 1996. Carbonate and gypsum. p. 437-474. In: D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 chemical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.

26- Lukito H.P., Kouno K., and Ando T. 1998. Phosphorus requirement of microbial biomass in a regosol and an andosol. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30: 865-872.

27- Marschner P., Solaiman Z.M., and Rengel Z. 2005. Growth phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere microbial community composition of a phosphorus-efficient wheat cultivar in soils differing in pH. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168: 343-351.

28- Marschner P., Crowley D., and Rengel Z. 2011. Rhizosphere interactions between microorganisms and plants govern iron and phosphorus acquisition along the root axis e model and research methods. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43: 883-894.

29- Murphy J., and Riley J.P. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytical Chemical Acta, 27: 31-36.

30- Nelson D.W., and Summers L.E. 1996. Total carbon organic carbon and organic matter. p. 961-1011. In: D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 chemical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.

31- Nuruzzaman M., Lambers H., Bolland M.D.A., and Veneklaas E.J. 2006. Distribution of carboxylates and acid phosphatase and depletion of different phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of a cereal and three grain legumes. Plant and Soil, 281: 109-12.

32- Olsen S.R., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. p. 4013-430. In: A. Klute (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1 ‌‌chemical and biological properties. SSSA, Madison, WI.

33- Reddy G.B., Faza A., and Benneit R. 1987. Activity of enzymes in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils amended with sludge. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19: 203-205.

34- Rhoades J.D. 1996. Salinity Electerical conductivity and total dissolved solids. p. 417-437. In: D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 chemical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.

35- Safari Senjani. 2003. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. Bu Ali Sina Univ. Press, Hamedan. in Persian)

36- Spiers G.A., and McGill W.B. 1979. Effects of phosphorus addition and energy supply on acid phosphatase production and activity in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 11: 3–8.

37- Sposito G., Lund L.J., and Chang A.C. 1982. Trace Metal chemistry in aird-zone field soils amended sewage sludge: I. Fractionation of Ni Cu Zn Cd Pb in solid phases. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46: 260-264.

38- StatSoft, Inc. 2010. STATISTICA (data analysis software system), Version 10. www. Statsoft.com.

39- Tabatabai M.A., and Bremner J.M. 1969. Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1: 301-307.

40- Thomas G.W. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. p. 475-491. In: D.L. Sparks (ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3 chemical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.

41- USEPA. 1995. Land application of sewage sludge and domestic septage. Section 503. EPA/625/R-95/001 USEPA. Washington.

42- Waldrip H., He M.Z., and Erich M.S. 2011. Effects of poultry manure amendment on phosphorus uptake by ryegrass soil phosphorus fractions and phosphatase activity. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 47: 407-418.

43- Youssef R.A., and Chino M. 1988. Development of a new rhizobox system to study the nutrient status in the rhizosphere. Soil Science of Plant Nutrition, 34: 461–465.

44- Zarenia M. 2011. Evaluation of different extractants for the determination of Pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Var. Chiti) available potassium in some chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. MS. Thesis, Shahrekord Univ. Shahrekord, Iran. (in Persian with English abstract)

45- Zhao Q., Zeng D., and Fan Z. 2010. Nitrogen and phosphorus transformations in the rhizospheres of three tree species in a nutrient-poor