تاثیر محلول‌پاشی با عناصر آهن و روی بر عملکرد و قابلیت فراهمی زیستی عناصر در ارقام گندم نان

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 10، دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، تیر 1398، صفحه 317-326   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i2.74778

نویسندگان

منوچهر شیری^{* 1}؛ مرتضی کامرانی¹؛ اصغر مهربان²

¹دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

²مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی استان اردبیل (مغان)

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی نقش کودهای نانو کلات آهن و روی بر عملکرد و غلضت عناصر دانه ارقام دیم گندم نان، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 95-1394 در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار به‌اجرا درآمد. عامل اول محلول‌پاشی در چهار سطح شامل شاهد و محلول‌پاشی با آهن، روی و آهن + روی بودند و عامل دوم ارقام در چهار سطح شامل دو رقم آفتاب (G1)، کریم (G2) و دو ژنوتیپ جدید (G3 و G4) بودند. غلظت محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی به‌ترتیب با نسبت 2 و 5/1 در هزار در سه مرحله پنجه‌دهی، اوایل سنبله‌دهی و شیری بودن دانه‌ها صورت گرفت. ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبلچه، و وزن هزار دانه در سنبله اصلی، عملکرد دانه در متر مربع، غلظت روی، غلظت آهن، مقدار اسید فیتیک و نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی و آهن دانه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که رقم G3 به‌همراه ژنوتیپ G2 و G4 نسبت به رقم G1 به‌طور معنی‌داری عملکرد بیشتر تولید کردند. این افزایش عملکرد عمدتاً به علت تعداد سنبلچه بیشتر، تعداد دانه در سنبلچه بیشتر و یا هر دو بود. ارقام G1 و G2 غلظت روی دانه بیشتری در مقایسه با ژنوتیپ‌های جدید داشتند. کمترین مقدار اسید فیتیک و نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی و آهن در رقم G1 و بیشترین مقدار آنها در ژنوتیپ G4 حاصل شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در متر مربع (7/400 گرم)، غلظت روی دانه (4/33 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و غلطت آهن دانه (4/87 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) به‌ترتیب با کاربرد برگی آهن + روی، روی و آهن حاصل شد. کاربرد روی در مقایسه با سایر سطوح محلول‌پاشی کمترین مقدار اسید فیتیک (5/6443 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک به روی (1/19 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) را داشت. بنابراین، کاربرد عنصر آهن و به‌خصوص روی در مناطق دیم با بهبود قابلیت فراهمی زیستی آهن و روی و عملکرد گندم می‌تواند نقش زیادی در فراهمی عناصر روی و آهن مورد نیاز داشته باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید فیتیک؛ غلظت آهن؛ غلظت روی؛ محلول پاشی؛ نسبت مولی

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