ارزیابی صفات کمی و کیفی نعناع‌فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) در چین‌های اول و دوم تحت تأثیر کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی، نانو و مایکوریزا

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 11، دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، تیر 1398، صفحه 327-345   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i2.75005

نویسندگان

علی استادی؛ عبدالله جوانمرد^* ؛ محمدرضا مرشدلو؛ سارا ملاعلی عباسیان

دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر کودهای مختلف بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در زمان بر پایه طرح بلوک‌ کامل تصادفی با هفت تیمار و سه تکرار و در دو چین در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال زراعی 1396 اجرا شد. عامل اصلی تیمارهای مختلف کودی شامل 100 درصد کود شیمیایی NPK، قارچ مایکوریزا (Glomus mosseae)، قارچ مایکوریزا+50 درصد کود شیمیایی، نانو کود (ماکرو+ میکرو)، 50 درصد نانو کود+50 درصد کود شیمیایی و نانو کود+ مایکوریزا و عدم مصرف کود (شاهد) و عامل فرعی زمان برداشت (چین اول و دوم) بودند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه‌ی جانبی در بوته، شاخص کلروفیل، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن کل ماده خشک، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس و صفات کیفی اسانس بودند. نتایج نشان دادند که صفات ارتفاع بوته، شاخص کلروفیل، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن کل ماده خشک و درصد اسانس تحت تأثیر معنی‌دار اثر متقابل نوع کود و چین در سطح احتمال یک درصد قرار گرفتند. علاوه بر این، اثر تیمارهای مختلف کوددهی و چین بر تعداد شاخه‌ی جانبی و عملکرد اسانس به‌ترتیب در سطح احتمال پنج و یک درصد معنی‌دار بودند. بیشترین عملکرد کل ماده خشک (6/382 گرم در مترمربع) به تیمار 100 درصد کود شیمیایی و به‌دنبال آن در تیمارهای 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ مایکوریزا و 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 50 درصد نانو کود در چین دوم به‌دست آمد. از سوی دیگر، بیشترین (1/6 گرم در مترمربع) و کمترین (9/2 گرم در متر مربع) عملکرد اسانس نیز به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ مایکوریزا و شاهد به‌دست آمد. تجزیه شیمیایی اسانس نشان داد که در تمامی تیمارها منتول، منتون، 1،8 سینئول، نئو ایزومنتول، نئو منتول، منتوفوران و پی-منس-یک-این-9- اُل جزء ترکیب‌های غالب اسانس بودند. بیشترین میزان منتول در تیمار نانو کود و در چین دوم به‌دست آمد. علاوه‌براین، در هر دو چین مونوترپن‌های هیدروکربنه جزء اصلی اسانس بودند. به‌طور کلی نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که کاربرد تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ 50 درصد نانو کود و 50 درصد کود شیمیایی+ قارچ مایکوریزا می‌تواند در بهبود کمیت و کیفیت اسانس نعناع فلفلی و کاهش کودهای شیمیایی موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

چین؛ کاربرد تلفیقی کودها؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ منتول؛ منتون

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