ارزیابی تاثیر تقسیط کود نیتروژن و جهت‌های کاشت بر برخی صفات فیتوشیمیایی و عملکرد ﭼﺎی ﺗﺮش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 12، دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 54، تیر 1398، صفحه 347-357   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i2.78730

نویسندگان

فرزانه ریگی؛ مهدی دهمرده^* ؛ عیسی خمری؛ رضا باقری

دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

استفاده مؤثر از کود نیتروژن و بهینه نمودن مدیریت مصرف آن در تولید گیاهان به‌خصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک از اهمیت به‌سزایی برخوردار می‌باشد، در این راستا به منظور ارزیابی تاثیر تقسیط کود نیتروژن و جهت‌های کاشت بر عملکرد و ﺻﻔﺎت فیتوشیمیایی چای ترش، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 1396-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل جهت‌های کاشت در دو سطح شمالی-جنوبی و شرقی-غربی به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و تقسیط کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره در4 سطح یک سوم قبل از کاشت، یک سوم مرحله چهار برگی، یک سوم مرحله ساقه رفتن؛ یک دوم قبل از کاشت، یک دوم مرحله چهار برگی؛ یک دوم مرحله چهار برگی، یک دوم مرحله ساقه رفتن؛ یک سوم مرحله چهار برگی، یک سوم مرحله ساقه رفتن، یک سوم مرحله گلدهی به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج ﻧﺸﺎن داد که اثر متقابل جهت کشت و تقسیط کود نیتروژن برای تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری شده در آزمایش معنی‌دار (1 درصد) بود. بیشترین عملکرد کاسبرگ (784 کیلو گرم در هکتار) از جهت شمالی- جنوبی و استفاده از یک سوم کود نیتروژن در مرحله چهار برگی، یک سوم در مرحله ساقه رفتن و یک سوم در مرحله گلدهی و بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین کاسبرگ (98/2 میلی‌گرم در گرم کاسبرگ) با کاربرد یک سوم قبل از کاشت، یک سوم مرحله چهار برگی و یک سوم در مرحله ساقه رفتن از جهت کاشت شمالی- جنوبی حاصل شد. زمان‌بندی صحیح مصرف کود مهم‌تر از کل مقدار کود به‌کار رفته می‌باشد، ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ‌صورت کاربرد یک سوم مرحله چهار برگی، یک سوم مرحله ساقه رفتن، یک سوم مرحله گلدهی، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ویژگی‌های کیفی و عملکردی چای ترش شد که در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ می‌تواند ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﻮدی و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‌زﯾﺴﺖ را به‌دنبال داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.    

کلیدواژه‌ها

گیاه دارویی؛ متابولیت ثانویه؛ عملکرد کاسبرگ

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