اثر محلول‏پاشی پتاسیم و روی بر شاخص‏های فیزیولوژیک رشد، پارامترهای فلئورسانس کلروفیل و عملکرد دو رقم گندم نان تحت تاریخ کاشت تأخیری

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 7، دوره 17، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 55، مهر 1398، صفحه 441-455   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i3.73519

نویسندگان

حسین کمائی؛ حمیدرضا عیسوند^* ؛ ماشاالله دانشور؛ فرهاد نظریان فیروزآبادی

دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

به‏منظور بررسی اثر محلول‏پاشی پتاسیم و روی بر شاخص‏های فیزیولوژیک رشد، پارامترهای فلئورسانس کلروفیل و عملکرد دو رقم گندم نان تحت تاریخ کاشت تأخیری، آزمایشی به‏صورت کرت‏های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان رامهرمز اجرا گردید. عامل‏های آزمایشی شامل تاریخ کاشت در دو سطح مناسب (30 آبان) و تأخیری (15 دی) به‏عنوان عامل اصلی، محلول‏پاشی در چهار سطح با آب (شاهد)، پتاسیم، روی و پتاسیم + روی به‏عنوان عامل فرعی و دو رقم گندم نان پیشتاز و چمران 2 به‏عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت تأخیری به‏دلیل تنش گرمای انتهایی شاخص سطح برگ (LAI) (96/25درصد)، دوام سطح برگ (LAD) (44/48 درصد)، سرعت رشد محصول (CGR) (76/21درصد)، سرعت رشد نسبی (RGR) (72/13 درصد)، سرعت جذب خالص (NAR) (43/22درصد)، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II در شرایط سازگار شده با تاریکی (Fv/Fm) (25/3 درصد)، عملکرد کوانتومی مؤثر فتوسیستم  II(ΦPSII) (37/4 درصد)، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم  IIدر شرایط سازگار شده با روشنایی (Fv'/Fm') (24/3 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (02/27 درصد) ارقام گندم نان را به‏طور معنی‏داری کاهش داد، اما موجب افزایش معنی‏دار خاموشی غیرفتوشیمیایی (NPQ) (73/22 درصد) گردید. محلول‏پاشی پتاسیم و روی غیر از NPQ صفات LAI (50/17درصد)، LAD (62/17درصد)، CGR (49/33درصد)، RGR (00/12درصد)، NAR (62/37درصد)، Fv/Fm (12/3درصد)، ΦPSII (37/7درصد)،Fv'/Fm' (65/6 درصد) و عملکرد دانه (30/17 درصد) ارقام گندم نان را تحت تاریخ کاشت تأخیری به‏طور معنی‏داری بهبود بخشید. به‏طور کلی، استفاده از محلول‏پاشی روی و روی + پتاسیم در رقم چمران 2 به‏عنوان بهترین ترکیبات تیماری در بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه در هر دو تاریخ کاشت مناسب و تأخیری توصیه می‏شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش گرمای انتهایی؛ عناصر غذایی؛ غلات

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