اثر محلول‌پاشی برخی ترکیبات شیمیایی بر تبادلات گازی، روابط آب و خصوصیات فتوسنتزی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در رژیم‌های آبیاری مختلف

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 10، دوره 17، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 55، مهر 1398، صفحه 477-489   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i3.76843

نویسندگان

محمد یزداندوست همدانی؛ مختار قبادی^* ؛ محمداقبال قبادی؛ سعید جلالی هنرمند؛ محسن سعیدی

دانشگاه رازی

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر محلول‏پاشی برخی ترکیبات شیمیایی و رژیم‌های آبیاری بر تبادلات گازی، خصوصیات فتوسنتزی و روابط آبی آفتابگردان انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی همدان به مدت دو سال اجرا شد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل 100، 80 و 60 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی شامل: آبسیزیک اسید، سلنیوم، سالیسیلیک اسید، سدیم نیتروپروساید، گلیسین بتائین و شاهد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش میزان آبیاری، ویژگی‏های هدایت روزنه‌ای، سرعت تعرق، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و سرعت فتوسنتز کاهش یافتند، اما دمای برگ افزایش یافت. غلظت CO2 زیر روزنه در ابتدا کاهش و در ادامه با تشدید کم آبی افزایش یافت، با این حال، کارآیی مصرف آب فتوسنتزی به‌طور یکنواخت روند افزایشی داشت. محلول‌پاشی با ترکیبات شیمیایی، تبادلات گازی و خصوصیات فتوسنتزی آفتابگردان را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. کمترین میزان هدایت روزنه‌ای و تعرق و بیشترین میزان محتوای نسبی آب برگ در نتیجه محلول‌پاشی با آبسیزیک اسید و سدیم نیتروپروساید به‌دست آمد و بیشترین دمای برگ ناشی از کاربرد آبسیزیک اسید بود. اثر متقابل آبیاری × محلول‌پاشی بر سرعت فتوسنتز و غلظت CO2 زیر روزنه معنی‌دار بود. در شرایط کم آبیاری، کاربرد ترکیبات شیمیایی مورد نظر، سرعت فتوسنتز را نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش و غلظت CO2 زیر روزنه را کاهش داد. در این مورد، سالیسیلیک اسید نسبت به سایر ترکیبات، اثر بیشتری داشت و در شرایط کم‌آبی شدید (60 درصد نیاز آبی)، باعث افزایش 6/19 درصد در سرعت فتوسنتز گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبسیزیک اسید؛ سالیسیلیک اسید؛ سدیم نیتروپروساید؛ سلنیوم؛ گلیسین بتائین

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