تاثیر تقسیط نیتروژن و تراکم‌های مختلف بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه دو ژنوتیپ برنج (Oryza sativa L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 10، دوره 17، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 56، زمستان 1398، صفحه 631-645  

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v17i4.79545

نویسندگان

فرشید علیپور ابوخیلی¹؛ قربان نورمحمدی ¹؛ حمید مدنی²؛ حسین حیدری شریف آباد¹؛ حمیدرضا مبصر³

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران

²دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک

³دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم شهر

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر تقسیط نیتروژن و تراکم‌های مختلف بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه دو ژنوتیپ برنج انجام شد و بدین منظور آزمایشی به‎صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی واقع در شهرستان قائم‌شهر طی سال‌های 93-1392 و 94-1393 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل سه سطح تراکم بوته (16، 25 و 3/33 بوته در متر مربع) به‎عنوان عامل اصلی و پنج سطح تقسیط نیتروژن (S1: مصرف کامل (100%) در مرحله ابتدای کاشت یا پایه، S2: 50% در مرحله ابتدای کاشت یا پایه + 50% در مرحله ابتدای پنجه‌دهی، S3: 50% در مرحله ابتدای کاشت یا پایه + 50% در مرحله ظهور خوشه‌آغازین، S4: 33/33% در مرحله ابتدای کاشت یا پایه + 33/33% در مرحله ابتدای پنجه‌دهی + 33/33% در مرحله ظهور خوشه‌آغازین و S5: 33/33% در مرحله ابتدای کاشت یا پایه + 33/33% ظهور خوشه‌آغازین + 33/33% در مرحله خوشه­دهی کامل) به‎عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که ارقام هاشمی و کوهسار در سال دوم به‌ترتیب کاهش 21/9 درصدی و افزایش 74/23 درصدی عملکرد دانه را نسبت به سال اول داشتند. همچنین سال دوم نسبت به سال اول کاهش 62/11 درصدی و 36/30 درصدی عملکرد کاه را به‌ترتیب در ارقام هاشمی و کوهسار نشان داد. عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت با افزایش تراکم در رقم هاشمی به‌ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافتند. عملکرد کاه در هر دو رقم با افزایش تراکم افزایش نشان دادند. کمترین عملکرد کاه و بیشترین شاخص برداشت در هر دو رقم، با تقسیط نیتروژن به نسبت مساوی در مراحل ابتدای کاشت، ظهور خوشه‌آغازین و خوشه‌دهی کامل حاصل آمد. اثر متقابل بین عامل‌ها در ارقام مورد مطالعه نشان داد که در هر دو سال زراعی تعداد خوشه در متر مربع با افزایش تراکم افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رقم؛ زمان مصرف نیتروژن؛ سال؛ عملکرد دانه؛ فواصل کاشت

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