ارزیابی اثر پرایمینگ و اندازه بذر بر عملکرد زیست‌توده، شاخص کارایی مصرف آب و برخی ویژگی‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک اکوتیپ‌های پیاز خوراکی (Allium cepa L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، فروردین 1399، صفحه 15-29   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v18i1.63311

نویسندگان

موسی ایزدخواه شیشوان^* ؛ مهدی تاج بخش شیشوان

دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر پرایمینگ و اندازه بذر بر عملکرد زیست‌توده،کارایی مصرف آب و برخی ویژگی‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک اکوتیپ‌های پیاز خوراکی، این پژوهش در دو سال زراعی 1391 و 1392 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان‌شرقی اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل پرایمینگ در چهار سطح (هیدروپرایمینگ با آب مقطر، اسموپرایمینگ با نیترات پتاسیم، پرایمینگ با استفاده از محلول فولامین2 درصد و شاهد (پرایمینگ نشده)، اندازه بذر در سه سطح (ریز، متوسط و درشت) و اکوتیپ در دو سطح قرمز آذرشهر و زرقان بود. ویژگی‌های عملکرد زیست‌توده، کارایی مصرف آب سوخ و زیست‌توده، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، میزان آب مصرفی، شاخص برداشت، هدایت روزنه‌ای در مرحله سوخ‌دهی و پر شدن سوخ، میزان رشد، درجه باردهی، انرژی دریافتی و مقدار انرژی تولیدی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اثر پرایمینگ و اندازه بذر از نظر تمام ویژگی مورد بررسی از لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی‌دار نشان داد. نتایج نشان داد که پرایمینگ بذر موجب بهبود عملکرد زیست‌توده و ویژگی‌های اکوفیزیولوژیک گیاه گردید، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان عملکرد زیست‌توده (98/105 تن در هکتار)، کارایی مصرف آب سوخ (98/4 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب)، کارایی مصرف آب زیست‌توده (30/13 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب)، شاخص برداشت (82 درصد) و محتوای نسبی آب برگ (86 درصد) به پرایمینگ با ماده فولامین تعلق داشت و کمترین آن‌ها از تیمار شاهد به‌دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد زیست‌توده (33/100 تن در هکتار)، کارایی مصرف آب سوخ (88/4 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب)، کارایی مصرف آب زیست‌توده (30/13 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب)، شاخص برداشت (80 درصد) و محتوای نسبی آب برگ (85 درصد) از بذور درشت و کمترین آن‌ها از بذر ریز به‌دست آمد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد پیش‌تیمار بذر با استفاده از ماده فولامین و بذور درشت در مقایسه با سایر روش‌های پیش‌تیمار و اندازه بذر، باعث بهبود ویژگی‌های پیاز خوراکی گردید، لذا استفاده از پیش‌تیمار با ماده فولامین و اندازه درشت بذر جهت کاشت پیاز در شرایط مشابه این آزمایش قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسموپرایمینگ؛ درجه باردهی؛ فولامین و میزان رشد

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