تأثیر تاریخ‎های مختلف کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) در شرایط کم‎آبیاری در مشهد

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 18، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 58، تیر 1399، صفحه 213-224   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v18i2.83813

نویسندگان

کمال حاج محمدنیا قالی باف^{* 1}؛ محمد بنایان اول²؛ محمدحسن راشد محصل²؛ نیوشا ولایی²؛ فاطمه یعقوبی²؛ زهرا رشیدی²

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، دانشکده کشاورزی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح آبیاری، تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب گیاه دارویی زیره سبز آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1397-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل سطوح آبیاری 100، 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی، سه تاریخ کاشت در ماه­های آذر، اسفند و فروردین به‌عنوان عامل فرعی و دو تراکم کاشت 40 و 80 بوته در مترمربع عامل فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد آبیاری کامل زیره سبز در آذر ماه با تراکم 80 بوته در مترمربع دارای بیشترین تعداد چتر در بوته، تعداد دانه در چتر و عملکرد دانه بود. در حالی‌که در شرایط مشابه با کاهش تراکم، وزن 100 دانه و وزن تک بوته افزایش و کارایی مصرف آب کاهش یافت. تیمارهای آبیاری 75 و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی در فروردین ماه با تراکم 40 بوته در متر مربع به‌ترتیب با کاهش 77/53 و 20/52 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به کاشت آن در آذر ماه با آبیاری کامل و تراکم 80 بوته در مترمربع، دارای کمترین مقدار بود. همچنین، سطوح آبیاری 100 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی در ماه‌های اسفند و فروردین با تراکم 80 بوته در مترمربع به‌ترتیب علی‌رغم کاهش 83/12، 24/29، 43/21 و 11/35 درصدی عملکرد دانه نسبت به کاشت در آذر ماه با آبیاری 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی و تراکم مشابه، دارای بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب بودند. بنابراین، با افزایش تراکم بوته در واحد سطح همراه با آبیاری متوسط (75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) در کشت‌های دیر هنگام (اسفند و فروردین) می‌توان تا حدودی کاهش عملکرد دانه زیره سبز را با افزایش کارایی مصرف آب جبران نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعداد چتر در بوته؛ تنش خشکی؛ ظرفیت زراعی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ فاصله ردیف

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