بررسی عملکرد و راندمان مصرف آب در گیاه دارویی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) در منطقه مشهد

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 1، دوره 18، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60، دی 1399، صفحه 373-384   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v18i4.74509

نویسندگان

پرویز رضوانی مقدم^{* 1}؛ قربانعلی اسدی²؛ مهسا اقحوانی شجری¹؛ فاطمه رنجبر¹

¹گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد و راندمان مصرف آب در گیاه دارویی چای ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 94-1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد به‌صورت کرت‌های نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: مدیریت تغذیه به‌عنوان فاکتور افقی (کود شیمیایی، کودگاوی، کود گاوی+کود شیمیایی و شاهد) و مدیریت آبیاری به‌عنوان فاکتور عمودی (30، 70 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه چای ترش). نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (68/84 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد شاخه جانبی (56/6 عدد)، عملکرد خشک غوزه (1/860 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، زیست‌توده (7197 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، شاخص برداشت و حداکثر راندمان مصرف آب به‌ازای عملکرد غوزه و زیست‌توده (به‌ترتیب 11/0 و 89/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) گیاه در شرایط کاربرد تلفیقی کود گاوی+کود شیمیایی مشاهده شد. تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه باعث حصول حداکثر ارتفاع گیاه (46/91)، تعداد غوزه‌ی شاخه اصلی و جانبی (به‌ترتیب 06/20 و 50/47 عدد)، عملکرد غوزه (7/672 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و زیست‌توده (6944 کیلوگرم در هکتار) شد. نتایج اثرات متقابل حاکی از آن بود که مصرف هم‌زمان کود گاوی و شیمیایی با تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه توانست تعداد شاخه جانبی، عملکرد غوزه خشک و زیست‌توده را به بالاترین مقدار افزایش دهد. حداکثر راندمان مصرف آب به‌ازای عملکرد غوزه و زیست‌توده (18/0 و 49/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) با مصرف تلفیقی کود گاوی+شیمیایی به همراه تأمین 30 درصد نیاز آبی حاصل شد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج حاکی از آن بود که مصرف تلفیقی منابع تغذیه‌ای و تأمین 100 درصدی نیاز آبی گیاه اکثر صفات گیاه چای‌ترش را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری؛ شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد غوزه؛ کود گاوی

مراجع

1. Abid Askari, M. S. 1995. Autecological studies of exotic plant Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle), a multipurpose plant, for is introduction and culture. Scientific and Industrial Research 38 (1): 17-21.
2. Adediran, J. A., Taiwo, L. B., Akande, M. O., Sobulo, R. A., and and Idowu, O. J. 2004. Application of organic and inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria. Plant Nutrition 27: 1163-1181.
3. Aghhavani Shajari, M. 2012. Effects of single and combined application of nutrients on quantitative and qualitative indices of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (in Persian).
4. Akanbi, W. B. 2002. Growth, Nutrient uptake and yield of maize and okra as influenced by compost and nitrogen fertilizer under different cropping systems. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. 228 p.
5. Akanbi, W. B., Olaniyan, A. B., Togun, A. O., Ilupeju, A. E. O., and Olaniran A. 2009. The Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, calyx yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). American Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 3: 652-657.
6. Akbarinia, A. 2003. Evaluation of yield and essential oil of Ajwain in conventional, organic and integrated agricultural systems. Ph.D. Dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. (in Persian).
7. Akbari Nodehi, D. 2014. The effect of flow irrigation and reduced irrigation methods on the yield and water use efficiency of maize in Mazandaran. Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 70: 245-254. (in Persian).
8. Alizadeh, A., and Kamali, A. Gh. 2007.Water Requirement of Plants in Iran. Imam Reza University Press, First Edition, 223 p. (in Persian).
9. Aseri, G. K., Jain, N., Panwar, J., Rao, A. V., and Meghwal, P. R. 2008. Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Thar Desert. Scientia Horticulturae 117: 130-135.
10. Borras Linares, I., Fernandez Arroyo, S., Arraez Roman, D., Palmeros Suarez, P. A., Del Val Diazc, R., Andrade Gonzales, I., Fernandez Gutierrez, A., Gomez Leyva, J. F., and Segura Carretero, A. 2015. Characterization of phenolic compounds, anthocyanidin, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 25 varieties of Mexican Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Industrial Crops and Products 69: 385-394. 
11. Darzi, M. T., Ghalavand, A., and Rejali, F. 2009. The effects of biofertilizers application on N, P, K assimilation and seed yield in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 25 (1): 1-19. (in Persian with English abstract).
12. Duke, J. A. 2006. Ecosystematic data on economic plants. Journal of Crude Research 17 (3): 91-110.
13. Ebhin Masto, R., Chhonkar, P. K., Singh, D., and Patra, A. K. 2006. Changes in soil biomass and biochemical characteristics in a long-term field trial on a sub-tropical incept soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 1577-1582.
14. Fallahi, H. R., Aghhavani Shajari, M., Taherpour Kalantari, R., and Soltanzadeh, M. G. 2016. Evaluation of superabsorbent efficiency in response to dehydration frequencies, salinity and temperature and its effect on yield and quality of cotton under deficit irrigation. Agroecology 7 (4): 513-527. (in Persian with English abstract).
15. Fallahi, H. R., Ghorbani, M., Aghhavani Shajari, M., Asadian, A. M., and Samadzadeh, A. R. 2017. Effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and humic acid on growth and yield of Roselle and mycorrhizal symbiosis indices under drought stress condition. Final report of research project, University of Birjand. (in Persian with English abstract).
16. Fardad, H., and Zeyghami Gol, R. 2005. Optimization of water consumption for irrigation of cotton in Gorgan region. Agriculture Science 36 (5): 1197-1206. (in Persian).
17. Fereres, E., and Soriano, M. A. 2007. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Experimental Botany 58 (2): 147-159.
18. Fuladivanda, S., Aeinehband, A., and Naraki, F. 2010. Evaluation of different tillage systems and seed amount on yield and yield components of canola under rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal Field Crops Research 8 (2): 213-224. (in Persian).
19. Gad, N. 2011. Productivity of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) plant as affected by cobalt and organic fertilizers. Applied Sciences Research 7 (12): 1785-1792.
20. Gendy, A. S. H., Said-Al Ahl, H. A. H., and Abeer, M. 2012. Growth, productivity and chemical constituents of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants as influenced by cattle manure and biofertilizers treatments. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 6: 1-12.
21. Ghorbani Nasrabad, Gh., and Hezarjaribi, A. 2010. Cotton respond to the irrigation at different stages of growth. Journal of Plant Production 17 (4): 129-141. (in Persian with English abstract).
22. Ghost, B. C., and Bhat, R. 1998. Environmental hazards of nitrogen loading in wetland rice fields. Environmental Pollution 102: 123-126.
23. Gyllapsy, E., Bergervoel, C. K., and Jullien, D. 1993. Sink-source relation in fruit vegetables as affected by N fertilizer. Scientia Horticulture 58: 87-94.
24. Khalil, S. E., and Yousef, R. M. M. 2014. Study the effect of irrigation water regime and fertilizers on growth, yield and some fruit quality of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Advance Research 2 (5): 738-750.
25. Mahfouz, S. A., and Sharaf Eldin, M. A. 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophysics 21: 361-366.
26. Mallanagouda, B. 1995. Effects of N.P.K. and FYM on growth parameters of onion, garlic and coriander. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science 4: 916-918.
27. Murty, M. G., and Ladha, J. K. 1988. Influence of Azospirillum inoculation on the mineral uptake and growth of rice under hydroponic conditions. Plant and Soil 108: 281-285.
28. Nabila, Y. N., and Aly, M. S. 2002. Variations in productivity of (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in response to some agricultural supplementation. Annals of Agricultural Science 47 (3): 875-892.
29. Nemati, M., and Dehmarde, M. 2015. Effect of using of cow and biomass manure on yield and Morphological indexes of Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Agroecology 7 (1): 62-73. (in Persian).
30. Parsa Motlagh, B. 2015. Study of eco-physiological, morphological, phytochemical, nutritional of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in Jiroft region. Ph.D. Dissertation of agroecology, Department of Agricultural, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (in Persian with English abstract).
31. Pimentel, D. 1993. Economics and energies of organic and conventional farming. Agriculture and Environment Ethics 6: 53-60.
32. Rahbariyan, P., Afsharmanesh, Gh. R., and Modafee Behzadi, N. 2011. Effect of drought stress and plant density on sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) yield in Jiroft Region. New Agricultural Findings 5 (3): 249-257. (in Persian).
33. Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2008. Forgotten Plants. In: Koocheki, A. R., and Khajeh Hosseini, M. Modern Farming. Chapter 17. 446 p. (in Persian).
34. Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Asadi, G. A., Ranjbar, F., Aghavani Shajari, M., and Shahriari, R. 2015. Effect of integrated organic and chemical fertilizer on growth indices of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as a medicinal plant in Mashhad condition. Agroecology 96 (4): 971-960 (in Persian with English abstract).
35. Rezvani Moghadam, P., Asadi, Gh., Aghhavani Shajari, M., Ranjbar, F., and Shahriari, R. 2017. Evaluation of nutritional management on yield and yield components of Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in Mashhad. Iranian Journal Field Crops Research 15 (4): 776-785. (in Persian with English abstract).
36. Sadeghi, A. A., Akhsh Kelarestaghi, K., and Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf, K. 2014. The effects of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.). Agroecology 6: 42-50 .(in Persian with English abstract).
37. Safari, A., Asoudar, M. A., Ghasemi Nejad, M., and Ebdali Mashhadi, A. R. 2013. Effect of keeping of residues, different methods of conservation tillage and planting on physical properties of soil and wheat yield. Knowledge of Agriculture and Sustainable Production 23 (2): 59-49. (in Persian).
38. Seghatoleslami, M. J, Mosavi, Gh. R., and Barzegaran, T. 2013. Effect of irrigation levels and planting date on yield and water use efficiency of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants 29 (1): 144-156. (in Persian with English abstract).
39. State Meteorological Organization. 2016. Statistics and information of Mashhad Meteorological Station.
40. Torabi, A. 2004. Effect of sowing date and row spacing on the yield of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft Branch. (in Persian with English abstract).
41. Tahami Zarandi, M. K., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Jahan, M. 2000. Comparison of the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil content of basil. Agroecology 2 (1): 63-74. (in Persian with English abstract).
42. Yang, Y., Watanabe, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Wang, Q., and Hayashi, S. 2006. Optimizing irrigation management for wheat to reduce ground water depletion in the piedmont region of the Taihang mountains in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management 82: 25-44.