تاثیر کم‌آبیاری بر درصد ماده خشک غده، عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف آب و برخی از ارقام سیب‌زمینی

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 1، دوره 20، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65، فروردین 1401، صفحه 1-13   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v19i1.60189

نویسندگان

علیرضا نوری^{* 1}؛ احمد نظامی²؛ محمد کافی²؛ داود حسن پناه³

¹دانش‌آموخته دکتری در رشته فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سیب‌زمینی جزو محصولات زراعی با نیاز آبی بالا بوده و به تنش رطوبتی حساس است. کم‌آبیاری یک راهکار سودمند مدیریت آب در شرایط محدودیت آب آبیاری محسوب می‌شود. در این تحقیق تاثیر تیمارهای کم‌آبیاری بر کارآیی مصرف آب و درصد ماده خشک غدة 10 رقم سیب‌زمینی در یک آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایة طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی و در دو فصل زراعی بررسی شد. عامل اصلی سه تیمار آبیاری و عامل فرعی 10 رقم سیب‌زمینی بودند. در تنش آبی ملایم بیشترین و کمترین مقدار عملکرد غده قابل فروش به‌ترتیب در ارقام خاوران و دراگا و کمترین درصد کاهش نسبت به آبیاری کامل در رقم کایزر به‌دست آمد. در تنش آبی شدید بیشترین و کمترین مقدار عملکرد غده قابل فروش به‌ترتیب در ارقام ساتینا و دراگا و کمترین درصد در رقم کایزر به‌دست آمد. کارآیی مصرف آب در هر دو شرایط تیمار کم‌آبیاری بیشتر از شرایط آبیاری کامل بود. بین ارقام مختلف سیب‌زمینی از نظر کارآیی مصرف آب در هر سه تیمار آبیاری تفاوت‌های معنی‌داری مشاهده گردید. بیشترین و کمترین کارآیی مصرف آب در تنش آبی شدید در ارقام ساتینا و مارفونا (به‌ترتیب 88/5 و 24/2 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب آب) به‌دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین ماده خشک به‌ترتیب در ارقام ساوالان (66/23 درصد) و دراگا ( 18 درصد) حاصل گردید. بنابراین در مواقعی که کمبود آب وجود دارد استفاده از رقم ساتینا مقرون به صرفه‌تر بوده و در مواردی که آب کافی در دسترس بوده و تولید محصول با درصد بالایی از مادة خشک غده مورد نظر باشد کشت رقم ساوالان توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش خشکی؛ رقم ساتینا؛ رقم ساوالان

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