واسنجی مقادیر نیتروژن قابل استفاده و محتوی آب خاک با عملکرد دانه گندم دیم

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 30، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 49، دی 1395، صفحه 1556-1573   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.36954

نویسندگان

ولی فیضی اصل^{* 1}؛ امیر فتوت²؛ علیرضا آستارایی²؛ امیر لکزیان²؛ میراحمد موسوی شلمانی³؛ علی خراسانی³

¹سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

³پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، سازمان انرژی اتمی ایران

چکیده

نیتروژن مهمترین عامل تغذیه‌ای محدودکننده رشد گندم دیم بشمار می‌آید. به منظور برقراری ارتباط بین اشکال مختلف نیتروژن در خاک با پاسخ گندم دیم، پژوهشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم (مراغه) به اجرا در آمد. زمان مصرف نیتروژن در کرت‌های اصلی (کل نیتروژن در پائیز و در پائیز + در بهار)، مقادیر نیتروژن در کرت‌های فرعی (0، 30، 60 و 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و 7 ژنوتیپ در کرت‌های فرعی در 3 تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در مرحله ساقه رفتن (ZGS32)، نمونه‌های خاک از لایه‌های 20-0، 40-20، 60-40 و 80-60 سانتی‌متری از کرت‌های فرعی تهیه و نیترات و آمونیوم در آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. در این لایه‌ها میزان رطوبت خاک نیز با استفاده از دستگاه Diviner2000 قرائت شد. نتایج نشان داد، نیتروژن معدنی مناسب‌ترین فرم نیتروژن بود که به همراه رطوبت خاک توانستند 80 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را توجیه نمایند. مطابق این مدل، اثر محتوی آب خاک در تولید گندم دیم، 3/2 برابر نیتروژن بود. مناسب‌ترین لایه برای واسنجی نیتروژن، 40-0 سانتی‌متری و حد بحرانی نیتروژن معدنی برای تولید عملکردهای بیش از 5/2 تن در هکتار، 41 کیلوگرم در هکتار می‌باشد. مصرف پائیزی 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار قادر به تامین حد بحرانی یادشده در شرایط آزمایش می‌باشد. در مجموع استنباط می‌شود، بین نیتروژن خاک و محتوی رطوبتی آن با پاسخ گندم دیم ارتباط منطقی وجود دارد و از این مدل می‌توان به عنوان ابزار کمکی در توصیه کودهای نیتروژنی برای گندم دیم استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حد بحرانی؛ ژنوتیپ گندم؛ شبیه‌سازی؛ نیاز نیتروژن

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