اثر کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست بر کاهش اثر سوء تنش آبی بر رشد و ترکیب شیمیایی ذرت در یک خاک آهکی

آب و خاک

مقاله 3، دوره 30، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 49، آذر 1395، صفحه 1607-1619   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.46319

نویسندگان

لیلا زارع^{* 1}؛ عبدالمجید رونقی²؛ سید علی اکبر موسوی¹؛ رضا قاسمی¹

¹دانشگاه شیراز

²شیراز

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثر کاربرد ورمی کمپوست بر رشد و ترکیب شیمیایی ذرت تحت تنش آبی، آزمایشی گلخانه ای به صورت فاکتوریل (3×4) و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد استفاده شامل چهار سطح ورمی کمپوست دامی (0، 10، 20 و 30 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) و سه سطح رطوبت ( 100، 80 و 60 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) بود. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش سطوح ورمی کمپوست سبب افزایش معنادار وزن خشک ذرت و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، آهن، مس و روی در اندام هوایی ذرت شد. اما غلظت منگنز به طور معناداری کاهش یافت، هرچند غلظت منگنز در گستره کفایت بود. با افزایش سطوح تنش آبی وزن خشک ذرت به طور معناداری کاهش یافت و به دلیل کاهش زیست توده گیاه، غلظت عناصر ذکر شده در اندام هوایی ذرت افزایش معنادار داشت. کاربرد 30 گرم ورمی کمپوست تحت تنش آبی 60 و 80 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه، غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، روی، مس و آهن اندام هوایی ذرت را نسبت به تیمار شاهد در هر سطح تنش آبی به طور معناداری افزایش داد. در سطح تنش آبی 60 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه کاربرد 30 گرم ورمی کمپوست سبب افزایش معنادار وزن خشک ذرت نسبت به تیمار شاهد (در تنش آبی مربوطه) شد. با توجه به اثر مثبت کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست در کاهش اثر سوء تنش آبی بر عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی و همچنین با توجه به نقش این کود در بهبود وضعیت تغذیه ای ذرت، کاربرد ورمی کمپوست می تواند کود مناسبی برای استفاده در زمین های کشاورزی که با مشکل کمبود آب مواجه هستند، باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آهن؛ روی؛ مس و منگنز

مراجع

1. Aguilar-Benitez G., Peña-Valdivia C.B., Garcia-Nava J.R., Ramirez-Vallejo P., Benedicto-Valdes S.G. and Molina-Galan J.D. 2012. Yield of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in relation to substrate vermicompost concentration and water deficit. Agrociencia, 46 (1):37-50.

2. Ahmad Abadi Z., Ghajar Sepanlou M. and. Bahmanyar M. A., 2011. Effect of vermicompost application on amount of micro elements in soil and the content in the medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis). Journal of Crops Improvement, 13(2) : 1-12.

3. Alizadeh O., Majidi E. and Noormohammadi GH. 2008. Effect of drought and soil nitrogen levels on nutrients uptake of corn C.V. 704. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 4(1): 51-59. (in persian).

4. Ansari-Jovaini M., Chaich M.R. and Keshavarzafshar R. 2011. Effect of different soil fertilization methods (organic, chemical and integrated fertilizers) on yield and yield components of turnip (Brassica rapa). Iranian Society of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science, 4(3): 121-138. (in Persian with English abstract).

5. Arancon N. Q., Edwards C.A., Bierman P., Metzger J.D. and Lucht C. 2005. Effects of vermicomposts produced from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste on the growth and yield of peppers in the field. Pedobiologia, 49: 297-306.

6. Asgari Lejayer H., Motshare Zade B., Savaghebi Gh. and Hadian J. 2014. Effect of Cu and Zn application on the concentration and uptake of micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) and macro nutrient (P) in Savory herbs (Satureja hortensis L.) Under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Technology, 19:95-111.

7. Aslam M., Zamir M.S.I., Afzal I., Yaseen M., Mubeen M. and Shoaib A. 2013. Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 2(154):99-114.

8. Azizi, M., Rezwanee, F., Hassanzadeh Khayat, M., Lakzian, A. and Neamati, H. 2008. The effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on morphological properties and essential oil content of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita variety Goral). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24(1): 82-93. (In Persian with English abstract).

9. Benton Jones J.R. and Case V.W. 1990. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples, In: Westerman, R.L. (eds.). Soil testing and plant analysis. The third edition. Soil Science Society America Book Series, No. 3. Madison, Wisconsin, PP: 389-429.

10. Brar G., Kar S., and Singh N.T. 1990. Photosynthetic response of wheat to soil water deficits in tropic. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 164: 343-348.

11. Bremner J.M. 1996. Nitrogen total. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3. Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp.1085-1121.

12. Cheng F.J., Yang D.Q., and Wu Q.S. 1998. Physiological effects of humic acid on drought resistance of wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 6(4): 363-367.

13. Chinsamy M., Kulkarni M.G. and Van Staden J. 2014. Vermicompost leachate reduces temperature and water stress effects in tomato seedlings. HortScience, 49(9): 1183-1187.

14. Darzi M.T., Ghalavand A., Rejali F. and Sefid Kon F. 2006. Effects of biofertilizers application on yield and yield components in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(4): 276-292. (in Persian with English abstract).

15. Edwards C.A. and Burrows I. 1988. The potential of earthworm composts as plant growth media. In: Edwards, C. A. and E. Neuhauser, (Ed.). Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management. SPB Academic Press, Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 21-32.

16. Emam Y. and Ranjbar G.H. 2000. The effect of plant density and water stress during vegetative phase on grain yield, yield components and water use effeciency of maize. Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 2(3): 50-62

17. Fathi T., Golchin A. and Safikhan F. 2012. Effect of drought stress and vermicompost on clary sage. Annals of Biological Research, 3 (7):3346-3349

18. Gee G.W. and Buder J.W. 1986. Particle-size analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 383-410.

19. Hamidpour M., Fathi S. and Roosta H.R. 2013. Effect of zeolite and vermicompost on growth characteristics and concentration of some elements in Petunia. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Technology, 13:95-102. (in persian).

20. Hernandez H., Castillo H., Ojeda D., Arras A., Lopez J. and Sanchez E. 2010. Effect of vermicompost and compost on lettuce production. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 70(4):583-589.

21. Hu Y. and Barker A. 2004. Effects of composts and their combinations with other materials onnutrient accumulation in tomato leaves. Communications in Soil science and Plant Analysis, 35:2809-2823.

22. Karami Chame S., Siyadat S.A., Bahamin S., Fathi A. and Rezapour ghahfarokhi F. 2012. Growth promoting bacteria an strategy to cope with drought. Third National Conference of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Fasa. December 6, 2012.

23. Karimian, N. and Hashemi S.M. 2001. Manganese nutrition of wheat as affected by phosphorus and manganese application to a calcareous soil. Development in Plant and Soil Science, 92: 834-835.

24. Kuo, S. 1996. Phosphorus. In: Sparks et al. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part III, 3rd Ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, PP. 869-920.

25. Knudsen D., Peterson G.A. and Pratt P.F. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. Part 3. In: Page, A. L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 225-246

26. Lindsay W.I. and Norvell W.A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42: 421- 448.

27. Majidian M., Ghalavand A., Kamgar Haghighi A.A. and Karimian N. 2008. Effect of drought stress, nitrogen fertilizer and manure on chlorophyll meter reading, grain yield and yield components in grain maize cv. SC 704. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 10(3): 303-330. (in Persian with English abstract).

28. Malakooti M.J. 2004. Balanced nutrition of wheat a path to self-sufficiency in nation society health (Proceedings), second edition. Agricultural Education, requested by Ministry of Agriculture section of wheat program. Tehran, Iran.

29. Manyuchi M.M., Kadzungura L., Phiri A. and Muredzi P. 2013. Effect of vermicompost, vermiwash and application time on zea mays Growth. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, 2(7): 638-641.

30. Mirzaei Talarposhti R., Kamboziya J., Sabahi H. and Mahdavi Damghani A.M. 2009. Effect of different organic fertilizers on soil physicochemical properties, production and biomass yield of tomato. Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(1): 257-268. (in Persian with English abstract).

31. Mohammadi Z., Roosta H.R., Tajabadi A. and Hokmabadi H. 2013. Effect of nitrogen, organic fertilizer, potassium and iron on yeild, fruit quality and nutrients concentrations in Hazelnut leaf grafted on rootstock of small almond (C.V. Zarand). Journal of Horticultural Science, 27(2): 117-129.(in Persian).

32. Nahar K. and Gretzmacher R. 2002. Effect of water stress on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under subtropical conditions. Die Bodenkultur, 53 (1): 45-51.

33. Nelson D.W. and Sommers L.E. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Sparks, D. L., et al., (Ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Prt 3, 3rd Ed. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Soil Science of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp: 961-1010.

34. Olsen S.R., Cole C.V., Watanabe F.S. and Dean L.A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soil by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture. Circular, Washington, D. C. 939: 1-18.

35. Peyvast G.H., Olfati J.A., Madeni S. and Forghani A. 2007. Effect of vermicompost on the growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 6(1): 43-50.

36. Rashtbari M. and Alikhani H.A. 2012. Effect and efficiency of municipal solid waste compost and vermicompost on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of rape under drought stress. Publication of Agricultural science and Sustainable Production, 22(2): 113-127. (in Persian).

37. Rhoades J.D. 1982. Cation Exchange Capacity. 3rd Ed, In: Page, A. L., et al., (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp: 149-158.

38. Rhoades J. D. 1996. Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 417-435.

39. Sajedi N. and Rejali F. 2011. Effect of drought stress, application of zinc and inoculation of mycorrhizae on the absorption of micronutrients in corn. Iranian Journal of Soil Science (Soil and Water), 25 (2): 83-92. (in Persian).

40. Salehi M., Koocheki A.R. and Nassir M. 2003. Leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen an indicator of drought stress in wheat. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Reseach, 1(3): 199-204. (in persian).

41. Sheikhi J. and Ronaghi A. 2013. Effect of salinity and vermicompost application on nutrients concentration and yield of spinach cv. Virofly in a calcareous soil. Journal of Greenhouse Culture Science and Tecnology, 13: 81-92. (in persian).

42. Sinha R.K., Valani D., Chauhan K. and Agarwal S. 2010. Embarking on a second green revolution for sustainable agriculture by vermiculture biotechnology using earthworms: Reviving the dreams of Sir Charles Darwin. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 2(7): 113-128.

43. Theunissen J., NdakidemP.A.i. and Laubscher C.P. 2010. Potential of vermicompost produced from plant waste on the growth and nutrient status in vegetable production. International Journal of Physical Science, 5: 964-973.