تعیین عوامل مؤثر در رخداد فرسایش خندق پنجه ای در حوزه آبخیز آق امام(2)

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 30، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 50، اسفند 1395، صفحه 1978-1992   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v30i6.42860

نویسندگان

مریم محمدابراهیمی¹؛ محمدرضا جوادی^{* 1}؛ مهدی وفاخواه²

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور

²دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور

چکیده

فرسایش خندقی از جمله انواع پیشرفته فرسایش آبی است که منجر به هدر رفت منابع آب و خاک در نقاط تحت تأثیر می شود. این نوع فرسایش به دلیل تولید رسوب و زیان‌های فراوانی که در نتیجه تخریب اراضی، راه‌ها و سازه‌های عمرانی برجای می گذارد، اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. حوزه آبخیز آق امام(2) با مساحت حدود 2595 هکتار در شرق استان گلستان واقع است که از نظر فرسایش خندقی دارای معظلات و مشکلات قابل ملاحظه‌ای می باشد. در این تحقیق، تعداد 9 خندق پنجه‌ای موجود در منطقه مورد مطالعه، شناسایی شدند و ویژگی های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مؤثر خاک، انواع لیتولوژی، انواع کاربری اراضی، طبقات مختلف شیب و ارتفاعی در ایجاد آنها مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که متغیر درصد سیلت، درصد رس، هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، کربن آلی، آهک، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی، نسبت جذب سدیم، درصد سدیم تبادلی و نوع لیتولوژی (سازند لسی) از مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در ایجاد فرسایش خندق پنجه ای در منطقه مورد مطالعه می باشند. همچنین به منظور جلوگیری از توسعه بیشتر خندق ها می توان به انجام اقداماتی نظیر افزایش پوشش گیاهی در مناطق بالادست، و انحراف رواناب سطحی ورودی به خندق به مناطق خارج از محدوده خندق ها و همچنین تثبیت خاک دیواره‌های کناری و بستر خندق اشاره نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک؛ فرسایش خندقی؛ کاربری اراضی؛ لیتولوژی

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