نفوذپذیری خاک و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در کاربری های مختلف در حوزه آبخیز تهم چای، زنجان

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 30، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 50، اسفند 1395، صفحه 2019-2031   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v30i6.48472

نویسندگان

علی رضا واعظی^* ؛ محمد عباسی؛ جلال حیدری

دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

نوع بهره برداری از زمین می تواند خصوصیات کیفی خاک را به ویژه از نظر هیدرولیکی دست خوش تغییر نماید. با توجه به تنوع کاربری زمین در نواحی نیمه خشک کشور، این پژوهش به منظور بررسی خصوصیات هیدرولیکی کاربری های مختلف در حوزه آبخیز تهم چای واقع در منطقه نیمه-خشک شمال غرب زنجان انجام گرفت. با توجه به سطح تحت پوشش کاربری ها، مجموعاً 20 نقطه شامل 10 نقطه در کاربری مرتع، هفت نقطه در کاربری کشت دیم و سه نقطه در کاربری کشت آبی انتخاب شد. نفوذپذیری خاک با استفاده از استوانه مضاعف در سه تکرار در هر نقطه تعیین شد. همچنین در نمونه های خاک هر کاربری، توزیع اندازه ذرات، رطوبت اشباع، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، کربن آلی، کربنات کلسیم معادل و میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها اندازه گرفته شدند. الگوی نفوذپذیری خاک در کاربری های مختلف بسیار متفاوت بود و تفاوتی معنی دار بین کاربری های زمین از نظر میزان نفوذپذیری خاک وجود داشت (01/0p

کلیدواژه‌ها

پوشش گیاهی؛ خصوصیات هیدرولیکی خاک؛ کشت آبی؛ کشت دیم؛ مرتع

مراجع

1- Bai J., Xiao R., Zhang K., Gao H., Cui B., and Liu X. 2013. Soil organic carbon as affected by land use in young and old reclaimed regions of a coastal estuary wetland, China. Soil Use and Management, 29(1): 57-64.

2- Blake G.R., and Hartge K.H. 1986. Bulk Density. In: A. Klute (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical properties. The American Society of agronomy. Madison. Wisconsin. Pp: 363-375.

3- Bormann H., Breuer L., Gräff T., and Huisman J.A. 2007. Analysing the effects of soil properties changes associated with land use changes on the simulated water balance: A comparison of three hydrological catchment models for scenario analysis. Ecological Modelling, 209: 29–40.

4- Bormann H., and Klassen K. 2008. Seasonal and land use dependent variability of soil hydrological properties of tow northern German soils. Geoderma, 145: 295-302.

5- Bryan R.B. 2000. Soil erodibility and processes of water erosion on hilltop. Geomorphology, 32: 385-415.

6- Cameron D.R., Shaykewich C., deJong E., Chanasyk D., Green M., and Read D.W.L. 1981. Physical aspects of soil degradatoin In: agricultural land-our disappearing heritage-a symposium. Proceedings of the 18th annual Alberta Soil Science workshop, Edmonton, Canada. Pp: 186-225.

7- Celik M. 2005. Land-use effects on organic matter and physical properties of soil in a southern Mediterranean highland of Turkey. Soil and Tillage Research, 83:270–277.

8- DeFries R., and Eshleman K.N. 2004. Land-use change and hydrologic processes: a major focus for the future. Hydrological Processes, 18: 2183–2186.

9- Dorner J., Dec D., Peng X., and Horn R. 2010. Effect of land use change on the dynamic behavior of structural properties of an Andisol in southern Chile under saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conditions. Geoderma, 159:189-197.

10- Dunne T., Western D., and Dietrich W.E. 2011. Effects of cattle trampling on vegetation, infiltration, and erosion in a tropical rangeland. Journal of Arid Environments, 75:58-69.

11- Eskandari Z. 1995. The effect of overgrazing on soil properties and summer rangeland in Esfahan province. National Conference on Erosion and Sedimentation. Pp: 325-329. (In Persian).

12- Fallahzade J., and Hajabbasi M.A. 2011. Soil organic matter status changes with cultivation of overgrazed pastures in semi-dry west central Iran. Soil Science, 6:114-123.

13- Falahzadeh J., and Hajabasi M. 2014. Distribution of organic carbon, nitrogen and carbohydrates in soils of the central and Iranian desert land. Journal of Soil and Water, 25:518-529.

14- Fohrer N., Haverkamp S., and Frede H.G. 2005. Assessment of long-term effects of land use patterns on hydrologic landscape functions—sustainable land use concepts for low mountain range areas. Hydrological Processes, 19: 659–672.

15- Gee G.W., and Bauder J. W. 1986. Particle size analysis. In: A. Klute (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical properties, The American Society of Agronomy. Madison. Wisconsin. Pp: 383–411.

16- Gol C. 2009. The effects of land use change on soil properties and organic carbon at Dagdami river catchment in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(5) 825-830.

17- Ghorbani Dashtaki Sh., and Homaee M. 2007. Paramours of some models of water infiltration using PTFs. Irrigation and Drainage, 1: 21-39.

18- Ghorbani Dashtaki1 Sh., Homaee M., and Mahdian M.H. 2010. Effect of land use change on spatial variability of infiltration parameters. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 4: 206-221. (In Persian).

19- Gregory J.H., Dukes M.D., Jones P.H., and Miller G.L. 2006. Effect of urban soil compaction on infiltration rate. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 61: 117-124.

20- Klute A., and Dirksen C. 1986. Hydraulic conductivity of saturated soils (constant head). p. 694. In: A. Klute (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part1, 2 nd edition Agron. Monog.9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.

21- Kamper D.W., and Rosenau R.C. 1986. Aggregate stability and aggregate and aggregate size distribution. In: Klute A. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical properties. The American Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin. Pp: 425-442.

22- Karimi R., Salehi M.H., and Mosleh Z. 2012. Effect of land use change of degraded rangeland on soil quality in clay soils in Fars Province. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Science, 69: 131-140. (In Persian).

23- Khormali F., and Nabiollahi K. 2009. Degradation of Mollisols in Western Iran as Affected by Land Use Change. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11(3): 363-374.

24- Khosroshahi M., and Ghavami Sh. 1994. Warning. Publication of the Education and Promotion Department of Forests and Rangelands, Pp: 45-51.

25- Loch R.J., and Pocknee C. 1995. Effect of aggregation on soil erodiblity Australian experience.Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 50:504-506.

26- Matin M. 2003. Study of erosion in dry lands, fallow and rangeland degraded soils in west and south west Esfahan. Eighth Congress of Soil Science. Rasht University, Rasht. Pp: 902-908.

27- Nazmi L., Asadi H., and Manukyan R. 2011. Changes in soil properties and productivity as affected by land use and slope position in the northwest of Iran. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9(4): 864-870.

28- Nelson D.W., and Sommers L.P. 1986. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Buxton, D.R., (Ed.), Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical Methods, Agronomy Handbook No 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin. Pp: 539–579.

29- Nelson R.E. 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. In: A. L. Page and R. H. Miller (Eds). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. The American Society of Agronomy. Madison. Wisconsin, Pp: 181-197.

30- Neris J., Jimenz C., Fuentes J., Morillas G., and Tejedor M. 2012. Vegetation and land use effects on soil properties and water infiltration of Andisols in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Catena, 98: 55-62.

31- Ott B., and Uhlenbrook S., 2004. Quantifying the impact of land-use changes at the event and seasonal time scale using a process-oriented catchment model. Hydrol. Earth System Science, 8: 62–78.

32- Raiesi F. 2007. The conversion of overgrazed pastures to almond orchards and alfalfa cropping systems may favor microbial indicators of soil quality in Central Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 121:309–318.

33- Sala O.E., Chapin F.S., Armesto J.J., Berlow R., Bloomfield J., Dirzo R., Huber-Sanwald E., Huenneke L.F., Jackson R.B., Kinzig A., Leemans R., Lodge D., Mooney H.A., Oesterheld M., Poff N.L., Sykes M.T., Walker B.H., Walker M., and Wall D.H. 2000. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287: 1770-1774.

34- Salehi M.H., Hosseinifard J., and Rafieiolhossaini M. 2005. The effect of different land uses on some soil quality indicates in Zagros region, Iran, Proceedings of International Conference of Human Impacts on Soil Quality Attributes. 12-16 Sep, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian).

35- SCS (Soil Conservaetion Service). 1972. SCS Natibal engineering Handbook. Sction 4, Hydrology. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.

36- Vaezi A.R., and Abbasi M. 2012. The efficiency of runoff curve number method to estimate runoff in the Taham Chay watershed in North West of Zanjan. Journal of Science and Technology and Natural Resource, Water and Soil Science, 61:16.209-219. (In Persian).

37- Vaezi A.R. 2014. Modeling runoff from semi-arid agricultural lands in northwest Iran. Pedosphere, 24(5): 595–604.

38- Van G., Toit L., Snyman H.A., and Malan P.J. 2009. Physical impact of grazing by sheep on soil parameters in the Nama Karoo subshrub grass rangeland of South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 73:804–810.

39- Warren S.D., Thurow T.L., Blackborn W.H., and Garza N.E. 1986. The influence of livestock trampling under intensive rotation grazing on soil hydrologic characteristics. Journal of Range Management, 39: 491-495.

40- Wegehenkel M. 2004. Estimating of the impact of land use changes using the conceptual hydrological model THESEUS—a case study. Physica and Chemistry of Earth, 27: 631–640.

41- Yimer F., Messing I., Ledin S., and Abdelkadir A. 2008. Effects of different land use types on infiltration capacity in a catchment in the highlands Ethiopia. Soil Use and Management, 24: 344-349.

42- Yousefifard M., Jalalian A., and Khademi H. 2007. Estimating nutrient and soil loss from pasture land use change using rainfall simulator. Journal of water and Soil Science,11(40): 93-107. (In Persian).

43- Hou X., Lin H.S., and White E.A. 2008. Surface soil hydraulic properties in four soil series under different land use and their temporal changes. Catena, 73: 180-188.