مطالعه ویژگی‌های کانی‌شناسی، میکرومورفولوژی و تغییر و تحول خاک‌های حاشیه پلایای بجستان

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 30، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 50، بهمن 1395، صفحه 2046-2059   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v30i6.51463

نویسندگان

محمد قاسم زاده گنجه ای¹؛ علی رضا کریمی^{* 2}؛ علی زین الدینی³؛ رضا خراسانی¹

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²فردوسی مشهد

³موسسه تحقیقات آب و خاک

چکیده

پلایا از جمله شکل‌های اراضی مهم در مناطق بیابانی می‌باشد و سطح زیادی را در این مناطق به خود اختصاص داده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی ویژگی‌ها، تغییر و تحول، میکرومورفولوژی و کانی‌شناسی خاک‌های حاشیه پلایای بجستان در شمال شرق ایران بود. برای این منظور پس از شناسایی زمین‌ریخت‌ها، در امتداد یک برش، 11 خاکرخ در سطوح ژئومورفیک مخروط افکنه حاشیه پلایا، اراضی حد واسط مخروط افکنه و کفه رسی و همچنین کفه رسی مطالعه شد. هدایت الکتریکی خاک‌ها از 9/0 در مخروط افکنه تا 7/36 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر در حاشیه کفه نمکی متغیر بود. بافت خاک در کفه رسی، لوم رسی با غالبیت سیلت بود. کانی‌های رسی خاک‌های مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب فراوانی شامل اسمکتیت، ایلیت، کلریت و پالیگورسکیت بودند. بر خلاف پلایاهای دیگر در ایران، پالیگورسکیت فراوانی کمتری داشت. افق Btkb قرمز رنگ، متکامل‌ترین افق در کل منطقه در مخروط افکنه بود که در زیر لایه‌های سنگریزه‌دار آبرفتی مدفون شده ‌است. تجمع رس به صورت پوشش ذرات شن در مقطع نازک مشاهده شد. افق Bk، حداکثر تکامل در کفه رسی بود. پوشش رسی،کربنات‌های ثانویه اغلب به شکل نودول همراه با فرم‌های عدسی شکل گچ، پدوفیچرهای غالب خاک را تشکیل می‌دهند. وجود افق Bk در خاک‌های رویی و افق Btkb در بین توالی لایه‌های رسوبی، نشان‌ دهنده توالی فرآیندهای خاک‌سازی، فرسایش و رسوب است. افق Btkb نشان‌ دهنده یک دوره گرم و مرطوب‌تر و افق Bk نشان ‌دهنده یک دوره نسبتا مرطوب‌تر نسبت به زمان حاضر است. مورفولوژی خاک‌های مورد مطالعه، نشان ‌دهنده مشابهت شرایط خاک‌سازی منطقه مورد مطالعه با شرق و مرکز ایران است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغییر و تحول خاک؛ پلایا؛ پوسته‌های رسی؛ ژئومورفولوژی؛ کانی‌‌شناسی رس

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