بهره‌گیری از مفهوم ردپای آب مجازی در تولید محصولات اصلی برای عبور از بحران آب منطقه قزوین

آب و خاک

مقاله 2، دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، تابستان 1396، صفحه 422-433  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v31i2.55628

نویسندگان

هادی رمضانی اعتدالی ؛ علیرضا شکوهی؛ سید امین مجتبوی

دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین

چکیده

دشت قزوین، از مهمترین دشت‌های مرکزی ایران به دلیل خشکسالی‌ و افزایش مصارف بخش‌های مختلف، با بحران کمبود آب مواجه شده است. لذا مدیریت آب بخش کشاورزی به عنوان مهمترین‌ مصرف‌کننده آب در منطقه ضروری است. در این تحقیق از مفهوم ردپای آب مجازی برای محصولات اصلی آبی و دیم منطقه برای مدیریت بهتر آب کشاورزی استفاده شد. مجموع ردپای آب مجازی در تولید محصولات اصلی آبی و دیم منطقه برای 2014-2003، حدود 2053 میلیون مترمکعب در سال است که سهم آب سبز، آبی، خاکستری و سفید به‌ترتیب 31، 25، 2 و 42 درصد می‌باشد. از مجموع ردپای آب در تولید محصولات اصلی منطقه، سهم آب خاکستری و سفید حدود 44 درصد است. پایین بودن راندمان سیستم‌های آبیاری و مصرف بیش از حد کودهای ازته باعث افزایش سهم آب سفید و خاکستری در منطقه است. کشت وسیع ذرت دانه‌ای، ذرت علوفه‌ای، گوجه فرنگی و یونجه از دلایل اصلی بالا بودن حجم صادرات آب مجازی منطقه می‌باشد. حدود 1022 میلیون مترمکعب به صورت صادرات آب مجازی از منطقه خارج می‌شود. حجم صادرات آب مجازی ذرت دانه‌ای، ذرت علوفه‌ای، یونجه و گوجه فرنگی مجموعا 4/54 درصد یعنی حدود 556 میلیون مترمکعب در سال از کل حجم صادرات آب مجازی منطقه است. با حذف صادرات این چهار محصول تابستانه حدود 507 میلیون مترمکعب در سال از خروج منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی جلوگیری می‌شود. اما این محصولات به دلیل بالا بودن عملکرد و سودخالص در هر هکتار مورد توجه کشاورزان قرار می‌گیرد. گندم نیز با سهم 4/28 و 2/20 درصدی از کل حجم آب مجازی و حجم منابع آبی صادر شده از منطقه، نقش مهمی در خروج آب از منطقه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آب آبی؛ آب خاکستری؛ آب سبز؛ آب سفید؛ تجارت آب مجازی

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