نقش غنی‌سازی پوسته زیستی خاک از طریق تلقیح و تحریک باکتری‌ها در افزایش نیتروژن خاک حساس به فرسایش

آب و خاک

مقاله 3، دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 52، خرداد 1396، صفحه 545-556   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v31i2.54598

نویسندگان

حسین خیرفام؛ مهدی همایی؛ سیدحمیدرضا صادقی^* ؛ بهروز زارعای دارکی

دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس

چکیده

بهبود مؤلفه‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی پوسته‌های زیستی خاک از عوامل مؤثر در افزایش کیفیت و کاهش هدررفت خاک می‌باشد. امروزه غنی‌سازی پوسته‌های زیستی خاک مبتنی بر تلقیح و یا تحریک ریزجاندارن خاک به‌عنوان راه‌کاری زیستی و مؤثر در علوم حفاظت خاک مطرح شده است. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش تلقیح جداگانه باکتری‌‌ها و غنی‌سازی مواد غذایی و هم‌چنین تلقیح ترکیبی باکتری‌ها با غنی‌سازی مواد غذایی بر تغییرات نیتروژن خاک به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های شیمیایی کیفیت خاک، در مقیاس کرت‌های کوچک برنامه‌ریزی شد. خاک کرت‌ها از منطقه‌ی حساس به فرسایش تهیه شد. باکتری‌های مؤثر در تثبیت نیتروژن از خاک منطقه جداسازی، و به‌همراه ماده محرّک غذایی به تیمارهای تعریف شده تلقیح شدند. مقادیر نیتروژن خاک در بازه زمانی 60 روزه بین تلقیح تا انتهای آزمایش، در فاصله‌های زمانی هفت یا هشت روزه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری حاکی از افزایش معنی‌دار (05/0>p) نیتروژن کل خاک در تیمارهای مطالعاتی بود. در تیمار تلقیح باکتری، غنی‌سازی مواد غذایی و تلقیح باکتری به‌همراه غنی‌سازی مواد غذایی، میزان تثبیت نیتروژن بعد از یک ماه به‌صورت معنی‌دار (05/0>p) به‌ترتیب 148، 110 و 284 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافت. هم‌چنین بعد از یک ماه میزان نیتروژن خاک شروع به کاهش کرد. در نهایت پس از دو ماه مقدار نیتروژن خاک در تیمارها ثابت شده و مقدار آن در تیمار تلقیح جداگانه باکتری و ترکیب با غنی‌سازی مواد غذایی به‌صورت معنی‌دار (01/0>p) به‌ترتیب 18 و 16 درصد بیش‌تر از تیمار شاهد اندازه‌گیری شد. در مجموع غنی‌سازی پوسته‌های زیستی خاک با تلقیح باکتری‌ها به‌عنوان روشی کاملاً زیستی، ایمن و با صرفه‌ اقتصادی و زمانی در بهبود مؤلفه‌های شیمیایی خاک تأیید شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

افزودنی‌های خاک؛ پایداری خاک؛ تلقیح ریزجانداران خاک‌زی؛ زیست‌فناوری خاک؛ فرسایش خاک

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