تأثیر نوع و مقدار بیوچار بر برخی ویژگی‌های خاک و قابلیت استفاده بعضی عناصر غذایی در یک خاک آهکی

آب و خاک

مقاله 1، دوره 31، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 54، آبان 1396، صفحه 1232-1246   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v31i4.61298

نویسندگان

ندا مرادی¹؛ میرحسن رسولی صدقیانی²؛ ابراهیم سپهر^{* 2}

¹دانشگاه ارومیه

²ارومیه

چکیده

تجزیه حرارتی ضایعات گیاهی و تبدیل آن به بیوچار و افزودن به خاک علاوه بر ترسیب کربن و کاهش آلودگی هوا می‌تواند سبب اصلاح برخی ویژگی‌های خاک‌هایآهکیشود. به منظور بررسی تأثیر بیوچار بر برخی ویژگی‌های خاک آهکی،آزمایشیبه‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاًتصادفی اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل نوع بیوچار (ضایعات هرس سیب، هرس انگور و کاه و کلش گندم) و مقدار بیوچار (صفر (B0)، 1 (B1)، 2 (B2)، 4 (B4) و 8 (B8) درصد وزنی/وزنی) بودند.نمونه‌هابهمدت 60روزدردمای 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد و 60 درصد رطوبت ظرفیت زراعینگهداریشدهوسپسویژگی-هایخاکشامل pH، قابلیتهدایتالکتریکی (EC)،مقدارکربنآلی،نیتروژن معدنی،پتاسیم، فسفر،آهن،منگنز،رویومسقابلاستفادهخاکدرآن‌هااندازه-گیریگردید.نتایجنشانداد،به‌طور کلی با افزایش مقدار بیوچار ، کربن آلی خاک،و همچنین شکل‌های قابل استفاده پتاسیم ، فسفر ومنگنز به‌طور معنی‌دار افزایش یافت.درصد کربن آلی خاک در تیمار B8 ضایعات هرس سیب، هرس انگور و کاه و کلش گندم در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب 78/3، 80/3 و 24/5 برابر افزایش نشان داد.همچنین شکل‌هاینیتروژن نیتراتی و آمونیومی در هر سه بیوچار با افزایش مقدار کاهش یافتند. بیوچارحاصل ازکاه و کلش گندمسببکاهشمعنی‌دار pH و آهن قابل استفادهخاک و افزایش قابلیت هدایت الکتریکیخاکگردید. به‌طور کلی بیوچار حاصل از کاه و کلش گندم بیشترین تأثیر را بر خصوصیات خاک و قابلیت استفاده عناصر غذایی داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پتاسیم؛ تجزیه حرارتی؛ ضایعات هرس؛ کاه و کلش گندم؛ کربن آلی

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