اثر ماده آلی بر توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیم در خاک در محیط ریشه ذرت

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 31، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 56، اسفند 1396، صفحه 1611-1622   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v31i5.60064

نویسندگان

فائزه لطفی^* ؛ امیر فتوت؛ رضا خراسانی؛ مهدی بحرینی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

برای ارزیابی خطرآفرینی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک، آگاهی از زیست فراهمی فلزات بسیار مهم است که خود به توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی آن‌ها در خاک بستگی دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر ماده آلی (کود گاوی) و نحوه تأثیر فعالیت ریشه و ترشحات آن بر توزیع شکل‌های شیمیایی فلز کادمیم، آزمایشی به صورت گلخانه‌ای بر روی خاک آلوده به کادمیم در سیستم رایزوباکس انجام گرفت. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 سطح ماده آلی (حضور و عدم حضور ماده آلی) و 3 ناحیه با فاصله از ریشه و با 3 تکرار اجراء شد. به منظور تعیین شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیم از روش عصاره‌گیری متوالی تسیر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن ماده آلی به خاک بر تغییرات هیچ یک از شکل‌های شیمیایی کادمیم در خاک جز فرم زیست‌فراهم بطور معنی‌داری مؤثر نبوده است اما موجب افزایش معنی‌دار pH، CEC و مقدار کربن آلی در خاک شد. بنابراین می‌توان گفت کاهش معنی‌دار فرم زیست‌فراهم کادمیم در اثر افزودن ماده آلی به خاک به علت تغییر ویژگی‌های خاک بوده است. بر اساس نتایج، افزودن کود گاوی به خاک بیشترین تأثیر را بر فرم کربناتی کادمیم دارد. همچنین غلظت کادمیم در ریشه گیاه ذرت در شرایط حضور و عدم حضور ماده آلی بطور معنی‌داری بیشتر از اندام ‌هوایی بوده است. این امر نشان می‌دهد که کادمیم تمایل بیشتری برای تجمع در ریشه گیاه در مقایسه با اندام ‌هوایی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

جزءبندی؛ رایزوباکس؛ زیست‌فراهمی؛ کادمیم؛ مواد آلی

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