افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان با مصرف تلفیقی فسفر و لجن فاضلاب در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و محدود

آب و خاک

مقاله 6، دوره 31، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 56، اسفند 1396، صفحه 1637-1650   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v31i6.61402

نویسندگان

سولماز کاظم علیلو^* ؛ نصرت اله نجفی؛ عادل ریحانی تبار

دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

برای بررسی تأثیر لجن فاضلاب (SS) و سوپرفسفات تریپل (TSP) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان روغنی (Helianthus annuus L.) در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و محدود، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی طی دو سال در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوی و در شرایط مزرعه‌ای انجام شد. عامل‌های آزمایش شامل زمان آبیاری در دو سطح (آبیاری مطلوب و محدود به‌ترتیب پس از 60 و 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر کلاس A)، TSP در سه سطح (صفر، 100 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، SS در چهار سطح (صفر، 2/14، 4/28 و 7/56 تن در هکتار) و سال در دو سطح (1393 و 1394) با سه تکرار بودند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که اثر سال به استثنای وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در بوته و درصد پوکی بر سایر صفات معنادار بود. با وجود اینکه آبیاری محدود (تنش کم‌آبی) سبب افزایش معنادار درصد پوکی شد ولی وزن هزار دانه، وزن و تعداد دانه در بوته، قطر طبق و عملکرد دانه نسبت به شرایط آبیاری مطلوب به‌طور معناداری کاهش یافتند. بیشترین وزن هزار دانه، وزن و تعداد دانه در بوته، قطر طبق و عملکرد دانه و کمترین درصد پوکی در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب از تیمار تلفیقی 200 کیلوگرم TSP+7/56 تن SS در هکتار و در شرایط آبیاری محدود از تیمارهای تلفیقی 100 کیلوگرم TSP+7/56 تن SS در هکتار و 7/56 تن SS به‌تنهایی به‌دست آمد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که مصرف تلفیقی TSP و SS در کاهش اثرهای منفی تنش خشکی در آفتابگردان مؤثر بود. برای کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، افزایش عملکرد دانه آفتابگردان و توسعه کشاورزی پایدار، در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب، مصرف تلفیقی 200 کیلوگرم TSP+7/56 تن SS در هکتار و در شرایط آبیاری محدود، مصرف 100 کیلوگرم TSP+7/56 تن SS در هکتار می‌تواند در شرایط مشابه توصیه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تنش کم‌آبی؛ دانه‌های روغنی؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ مدیریت تلفیقی تغذیه گیاه

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