بررسی فرآیند معدنی شدن نیتروژن آلی تحت تأثیر نوع و مقدار رس و نوع کاتیون تبادلی

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 31، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 56، بهمن 1396، صفحه 1691-1711   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v31i6.65861

نویسندگان

فاطمه رخش^* ؛ احمد گلچین

دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

کانی‌های رسی تأثیر زیادی بر پویایی ماده آلی خاک دارند و رس‌ها با حفاظت فیزیکی از ماده آلی سرعت تجزیه آن را کاهش می‌دهند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر نوع و مقدار رس و نوع کاتیون تبادلی بر معدنی شدن نیتروژن آلی و مقدار نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی بود. برای این منظور مقادیر مشخصی از کانی‌های رسی کائولینیت، ایلیت و مونت‌موریلونیت اشباع شده با کاتیون‌های سدیم، کلسیم و آلومینیوم با شن خالص مخلوط شدند تا خاک‌های مصنوعی با مقدار رس، کاتیون تبادلی و نوع رس متفاوت در سه تکرار تهیه شود. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی (3×3×3) اجرا شد. بقایای گیاهی یونجه به خاک‌های مصنوعی اضافه و خاک‌ها با فلور میکروبی یک خاک طبیعی تلقیح و به مدت 60 روز خوابانیده شدند و مقدار نیتروژن آمونیومی و نیتراتی هر 15 روز یک‌بار اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد در مدت دو ماه خوابانیدن، درصد نیتروژن معدنی شده، در شن خالص بیشتر از خاک‌هایی با مقادیر 5 و 10 درصد رس بود که این امر نشان می‌دهد مقدار رس بر ظرفیت خاک‌ها در نگهداشت نیتروژن آلی مؤثر است. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار رس، مقدار نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی افزایش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین درصد نیتروژن معدنی شده و نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی به ترتیب در خاک‌هایی با کاتیون‌های تبادلی کلسیم و آلومینیوم اندازه‌گیری شدند. درصد نیتروژن معدنی شده در مدت دو ماه خوابانیدن در خاک‌هایی با رس کائولینیت حداکثر و در خاک‌هایی با رس مونت‌موریلونیت حداقل بود. مقدار نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی نیز در خاک‌هایی با رس مونت‌موریلونیت کمتر از خاک‌هایی با رس کائولینیت و ایلیت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آمونیوم؛ زیست‌توده؛ سطح ویژه؛ ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی؛ نیترات

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