تأثیر نوع و منبع کود مصرفی بر توزیع عناصر غذایی در برگ و میوه کیوی

آب و خاک

مقاله 3، دوره 32، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، اردیبهشت 1397، صفحه 59-72   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i1.63419

نویسندگان

فاطمه حسن زاده نارنج‌بنی¹؛ رضا ابراهیمی گسکرئی^{* 1}؛ بیژن مرادی²؛ طاهره رئیسی²

¹دانشگاه گیلان

²پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری

چکیده

انتخاب نوع و منبع کود در تغذیه درختان میوه نقش مهمی در افزایش عملکرد و بهبود کیفیت میوه‌ تولیدی دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات کوتاه مدت چهار نوع کود آلی شامل آزولا‏، آزوکمپوست، کود گاوی و ورمی‌کمپوست و نیز کود شیمیایی کامل و تیمار بدون کود، در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در مجموع با شش تیمار و چهار تکرار بر توزیع عناصر غذایی در برگ و میوه کیوی و ارتباط آن با عملکرد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم در برگ و میوه کیوی در تیمارهای کودی نسبت به تیمار بدون کود بیشتر بود و مقدار این عناصر در برگ و میوه در تیمارهای کودی در وضعیت بهینه قرار داشت. تیمار آزوکمپوست در بین تیمارهای کودی، بیشترین افزایش مقدار نیتروژن (57/2 درصد) و کلسیم (39/3 درصد) را در برگ نشان داد. در تجزیه همبستگی ارتباط معنی‌دار بین نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم برگ با نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم میوه به ترتیبب*76/0، *69/0 و *71/0 بدست آمد. همچنین در معادله رگرسیون گام به گام بین عملکرد تیمارها با مقادیر هر یک از عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ و میوه ارتباط مستقیم وجود داشت. در مجموع مصرف کودهای آلی در خاک باغ کیوی موجب افزایش مقدار عناصر غذایی در برگ و میوه کیوی شد. با توجه به آبشویی کودهای شیمیایی و مشکلات زیست محیطی ناشی از مصرف این کودها، می‌توان از کودهای آلی بررسی شده در این مطالعه مانند ورمی‌کمپوست و آزوکمپوست در باغات کیوی به منظور تولید میوه در شمال کشور استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رگرسیون گام به گام؛ کود آلی؛ کود شیمیایی

مراجع

1- Adhami A., Maftun M., and Molavi R. 2014. Soil testing and plant analysis laboratory guide. Yasouj University Press, PP: 34-195.

2- Ahmad Abadi Z., Ghajar Sepanlou M., and Rahimi Alashti S. 2012. Effect of vermicompost on physical and chemical properties of soil. Journal of Science and Technology Agriculture and Natural Resources. Water and Soil Science, 15(58): 125-137. (in Persian with English abstract)

3- Amodio, M.L., Colelli G., Hasey J.K., and Kader A. 2007. A comparative study of composition and postharvest performance of organically and conventionally grown kiwifruits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 87: 1228–1236.

4- Ano O.A., and Agwn J.A. 2005. Effect of animal manure on selected soil chemical properties. Journal of Soil Science, 15:14-19.

5- Ashouri Vajary M. 2012. Study the storage life of Hayward kiwifruit based on mineral analysis of fruits. Master's thesis, University of Guilan.

6- Ashournejad M. 2011. Comparison methods of organic farming, integrated and conventional composition and behavior of kiwi fruit after harvest The 'Hayward'. Master's thesis, University of Guilan.

7- Atkinson R.G., and Macrae E.A. 2007. Kiwifruit. PP. 329-346, In: E. C. Pua and M.R Davey (Eds), Transgenic Crops V. Springer Verlag Pub. Berlin.

8- Baladi E., Toselli M., and Marangoni B. 2010. Nutrient partitioning in potted peach (Prunus persica L.) trees supplied with mineral and organic fertilizers. Journal Plant Nutrition, 33: 2050-2061.

9- Otero V., Barreal M.E., Martinez-Núñez L and Gallego P.P.2010. Nutritional Status of Kiwifruit in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems. Applied Plant & Soil Biology, Faculty of Biology. University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo Spain.

10- Beng R.J. 1999. Storage potential of kiwifruit from alternative production systems. PhD Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

11- Benge J.R., Banks N.H., Tillmann R and Nihalde Silva H. 2000. Pairwise comparison of the storage potential of kiwifruit from organic and conventional production system. HortScience.

12- Bordoloi L.J.2007. Effect of organic plant nutrient sources on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) productivity and soil fertility under intensive integrated farming system in Meghalaya. Journal of Environment and Ecology, 25: 1146–1150.

13- Boyd L.M., and Barnet A.M. 2007. Relationships between maturity nutrition and fruit storage quality in kiwifruit. International Society for Horticultural Science, 753:501-508.

14- Cheng W., Sakai H., Matsushima M., Yagi K., and Hasegawa T. 2010. Response of the floating aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides to elevated CO2 temperature and phosphorus levels. Hydrobiologia, 656: 5–14.

15- Cooke G.W. 1997. Long term fertilizer experiment in England, the significance of their results for agriculture science and for practical farming. Annals of Agronomy, 27: 503-536.

16- Delgado A., Madrid A., KassemS., Andreu L., and Campillo M.C. 2002. Phosphorus fertilizer recovery from calcareous soils amended with humic and fulvic acids. Plant and Soil, 245: 277-286.

17- Fageria N.A., Translated B.Y., Kamkar B., Safahani Langroudi A.R., and Mohammadi R. 2011. The Use of Nutrients in Crop Plants.

18- Fallahi E., Khemira H., Righetti T.L., and Azarenko A.N. 2002. Influence of foliar application of urea on tree growth, fruit quality leaf minerals and distribution of urea-drived nitrogen in apples. Acta Horticulturae, 594: 603-610.

19- Fageria N.K. 2008. The use of nutrition in crop plant. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press. doi : 10.1093/aob/mcp227.

20- Ferguson I.B. 1980. Movement of mineral nutrients into the developing fruit of the kiwi fruit. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 23, 394-353.

21- François S., Julien P., Toussaint B., and Jean C. 2014. Relationships between the leaf and fruit mineral compositions of Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward according to nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Food Chemistry, 147: 269–271.

22- Hassanzadeh F., Ebrahimi R., Raiesi T., and Moradi B. 2017. Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality in Hayward variety of kiwifruit, Soil Management and Sustainble Production, Volume 7, Number2,183-195

23- Hargreaves J.C., Adl M.S., and Warman P.R. 2008.A Review of the use of composted municipal soild wasts in agriculture.Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 123: 1-14.

24- Hugh R., Pommeresche R., Eltun R., Hansen S., and Korsaeth A. 2008. Soil structure organic matter and earthworm activity in a comparison of cropping systems with contrasting tillage, rotations fertilizer levels and manure use. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 124: 275–284.

25- Iranian national standard, No. 13320. 2011.Compost Physical and chemical sampling and testing methods.Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. http ://www .isiri. gov.ir /Portal/Home.

26- Jumadi O., Hiola F., Hala Y., Norton J., and Inubushi K., .2014. Influence of Azolla (Azolla microphylla Kaulf.) compost on biogenic gas production, inorganic nitrogen and growth of upland kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) in a silt loam soil. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 60: 722-730,

27- Benton Jones J. 2012. Plant nutrition and soil fertility manual, 2ad Edition,CRC Press,Taylor Francis Group , Boca Raton London New York

28- Laboski C.A.M., and Lamb J.A 2003. Changes in soil test phosphorus concentration after application of manure or fertilizer. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67: 544-554.

29- Jones J., and Benton J. 2012. Plant nutrition and soil fertility manual, 2ad Edition, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL. 304.

30- Laboski C.A.M., and Lamb J.A. 2003. Changes in soil test phosphorus concentration after application of manure or fertilizer. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67: 544-554.

31- Mansour A.E.M., and Shaaban E.A. 2007. Effect of different source of mineral N applied with organic and biofertilizers on fruiting of ‘Washington Navel’orange tree. Journal of applied sciences research, 3: 764-769.

32- Marschner H.1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd Academic Press. Ltd. London, 889.

33- Mirzaei R., Kambozia H., Sabahi H., and Mahdavi A. 2009. Effect of different organic fertilizers on soil physicochemical properties, production and biomass yield of tomato. Iranian Journal of Crop Research, Volume 7 , Number 1; Page(s) 259 To 270.

34- Millard P., and Grelet G.A. 2012. Nitrogen storage and remobilization by trees: ecophysiological relevance in a changing world. Tree Physiology, 30: 1083-1095.

35- Mengel K., and Kirkby E. 2002. Principles of plant nutrition, 5th Ed. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Press. 849.

36- Mohhamadi G., and. Abdi Sanekoohi M. 1993. Kiwifruit and its management. University of Zanjan.

37- Moradi B., and Raiesi T. 2016. Nutrition of Kiwifruit vines, publications techniques, Number 14, Citrus and Subtropical Research center.

38- Moradi B ., Raiesi T., and Shahnazari S. 2016. Effect of different fertilization methods on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of kiwi fruit. Journal of Soil Research, Volume 30, Number3: Page(s) 239.

39- Pacheco C., Calouro F., and Vieira S. 2008. Influence of nitrogen and potassium on yield fruit quality and mineral composition of kiwifruit. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 2: 517-521.

40- Samswat S., Pazuki, A.R., Moghadam A., Samswat R., and practice S. 2015.Principles organic materials in agriculture, Free Islamic University unit garmsar.

41- Shela Gorinstein A., Ratiporn Haruenkit B., Sumitra Poovarodom C., Yong Seo Park D., Suchada Vearasilp E., Milan Suhaj F., Kyung Sik H., Buk Gu Heo H., Ja Yong Cho I., and Hong Jang G.I. 2009.The comparative characteristics of snake and kiwi fruits. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47: 1884–1891.

42- Subedi P., and Shrestha J. 2015. Improving soil fertility through Azolla application in low land rice, A review. Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 2: 35-39.

43- Tavarini S., Degl Innocenti E., Remorini D., Massai R., and Guidi L. 2008. Antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid,total phenols and carotenoids changes harvest and after storage of Hayward kiwifruit. Food Chemistry, 107: 282-288.

44- Talley S.N., Jo talley B. 1977. Nitrogen fixation by Azolla in rice fields. In Genetic Engineering for Nitrogen Fixation, Institute of Ecology, Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California.

45- Toor G.S. 2009. Enhancing phosphorus availability in low-phosphorus soils by using poultry manure and commercial fertilizer. Soil Science Society of America journal, 174: 358-364.

46- Vizzotto G., Lain O., and Costa G. 1999. Relationship between nitrogen and fruit quality in kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 498: 165-172.

47- Warrington I.J., and Weston G.C. 1990. Kiwifruit Science and Management, bennetts university, book center Ltd, Massey University, private bag, palmerston North.

48- Yamane T. 2014. Review-Foliar calcium applications for controlling fruit disorders and storage life in deciduous fruit trees. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 48: 123-126.

49- Yousefi R. 2014. The effects of organic nutrition on the physicochemical properties and secondary materials Hayward variety kiwifruit during storage and shelf life, Master's thesis, Senate nonprofit institution of higher education.