تثبیت سرب در یک خاک آهکی با استفاده از اصلاح‌کننده‌های آلی و معدنی

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 32، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، بهار 1397، صفحه 127-142  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i1.67489

نویسندگان

سمیه سفیدگر شاهکلایی ¹؛ مجتبی بارانی مطلق¹؛ فرهاد خرمالی¹؛ اسماعیل دردی پور²

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

²دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین به دلیل اثرات مخرب آن در محیط زیست مانند تهدید سلامتی انسان‌ها، مسمومیت گیاهان و اثرات طولانی مدتی که بر حاصلخیزی خاک می‌گذارند، تبدیل به یک نگرانی جهانی شده است. به منظور بررسی اثر اصلاح‌کننده‌های آلی (بیوچار 420 و بیوچار 640) و اصلاح‌کننده‌های معدنی (پومیس، لیکا، زئولیت و بنتونیت) در سه سطح صفر، 1 و 5 درصد وزنی بر تثبیت سرب در یک خاک آلوده، آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای با استفاده از گیاه ذرت به عنوان شاخص زیستی با سه تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد افزودن اصلاح‌کننده‌ها به خاک موجب کاهش غلظت سرب عصاره‌گیری شده با DTPA و EDTA شد. بیشترین کاهش غلظت سرب عصاره‌گیری شده با DTPA و EDTA در سطح 5 درصد بیوچار 640 و زئولیت مشاهده شد. بیشترین کاهش غلظت سرب در اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه ذرت به‌ترتیب در خاک تیمار شده با اصلاح‌کننده های آلی (بیوچار 420 و بیوچار 640) و تیمار سطح 5 درصد زئولیت مشاهده شد. بیشترین افزایش در ویژگی‌های رویشی گیاه مانند شاخص سبزینگی (SPAD)، تعداد برگ، در تیمار سطح 5 درصد بیوچار 640 و ارتفاع گیاه، شاخص سطح برگ، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی گیاه در تیمار سطح 5 درصد بیوچار420 نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپر اکسیددیسموتاز (SOD) و کاتالاز (CAT) در سطح 5 درصد بنتونیت و پراکسیداز(PX) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (ASP) در سطح 1 درصد بیوچار 420 مشاهده گردید که در مقایسه با شاهد، افزایشی معادل با 147، 101 ، 197 و 123 درصد داشته‌اند. اصلاح‌کننده های آلی (بیوچار 420 و بیوچار 640) و زئولیت بیشترین کاهش جذب سرب را نشان دادند که پتانسیل بالای این اصلاح‌کننده ‌ها را در تثبیت سرب در خاک و کاهش تجمع سرب در گیاه را نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پالایش؛ زیست فراهمی؛ ذرت؛ فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان

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