شبیه‌سازی جریان و رسوب حوزه آبخیز سد فریمان با استفاده از مدل SWAT و الگوریتم ژنتیک

آب و خاک

مقاله 1، دوره 32، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 59، مرداد 1397، صفحه 447-462   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i3.68900

نویسندگان

فرزانه ناصری؛ محمود آذری^* ؛ محمد تقی دستورانی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

تعیین مقدار رسوب حوضه و توزیع مکانی آن با اندازه‌گیری‌های میدانی در عمل با چالش جدی مواجه است. از این رو، مدل‌های مختلف، به‌منظور شبیه‌سازی فرسایش خاک و برآورد رسوب استفاده می‌شود. مدل SWAT یکی از مدل‌های هیدرولوژیکی نیمه‌فیزیکی و نیمه‌توزیعی است که در سال‌های اخیر کاربرد گسترده‌ای داشته است؛ اما شبیه‌سازی رسوب این مدل نسبت به دبی جریان با خطای زیادی همراه می‌باشد که بخشی از آن به دلیل استفاده از روش‌های تجربی هم‌چون منحنی سنجه رسوب برای برآورد رسوب می‌باشد. از این‌رو، در این تحقیق برای شبیه‌سازی رواناب و رسوب در حوزه سد فریمان از قابلیت‌های الگوریتم ژنتیک به‌منظور بهینه‌سازی رابطه دبی– رسوب استفاده گردید. بدین منظور مسئله بهینه‌سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک به‌صورت یک فضای جستجو از مقادیر پیوسته ضرایب رابطه دبی- رسوب، در نرم‌افزار MATLAB برنامه‌نویسی شد و ضرایب بهینه تعیین گردید. نتایج تحقیق، عملکرد بهتر الگوریتم ژنتیک در برآورد رسوب با ضریب نش- ساتکلیف 46/0، ضریب تعیین 72/0 و ریشه میانگین مربعات خطا 9/70 نسبت به منحنی‌سنجه را نشان می‌دهد. از این رو داده‌های حاصل از این روش برای آنالیز حساسیت، واسنجی و اعتبارسنجی مدل SWAT استفاده گردید. در ارزیابی مدل، ضریب نش‌ساتکلیف دبی ماهانه برای دوره 7 ساله واسنجی و دوره 3 ساله اعتبارسنجی به ترتیب 75/0 و 85/0 و برای رسوب ماهانه به ترتیب 73/0 و 76/0 به‌دست آمد. نتایج تحقیق بیانگر کارایی خوب مدل SWAT در شبیه‌سازی رواناب و رسوب می‌باشد، همچنین استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک به منظور بهینه‌سازی رابطه دبی– رسوب نقش مهمی در تعیین مقادیر رسوب و دقت شبیه‌سازی مدل داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوریتم تکاملی؛ بهینه‌سازی؛ رسوب‌دهی؛ شبیه‌سازی آبخیز؛ منحنی سنجه

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