تلقیح باکتری‎های محرک رشد بر عملکرد، هدایت روزنه‌ای و شاخص کلروفیل ذرت در شرایط کمبود پتاسیم

آب و خاک

مقاله 5، دوره 32، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 59، مرداد 1397، صفحه 559-572   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i3.69251

نویسندگان

مهدیه لیلاسی مرند¹؛ محمدرضا ساریخانی^{* 2}

¹دانشگاه تبریز

²تبریز

چکیده

پتاسیم از عناصر ضروری گیاهان بوده که نقش مهمی در رشد و نمو گیاهان داشته و آزادسازی زیستی آن از طریق باکتری‏های آزادکننده پتاسیم مورد توجه است. این آزمایش با هدف بررسی تأثیر باکتری‎های مختلف بر تأمین پتاسیم و رشد رویشی گیاه ذرت انجام گرفت. در این تحقیق، 10 جدایه باکتری همراه با تیمارهای کودی (سولفات پتاسیم به میزان 50% و 100% توصیه کودی) و تیمار شاهد (بدون تلقیح باکتری و کود) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد به جز وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر کل و قطر ساقه، بقیه پارامترها متأثر از تیمارهای آزمایش بودند. بیش‎ترین مقادیر به‎دست آمده از ارتفاع گیاه و وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، به ترتیب برابر با 8/100سانتی‏متر، 6/265 و 4/44 گرم، در تیمار کودی 50% مشاهده شد. بیش‎ترین وزن تر ریشه ( 2/187 گرم) در تیمار باکتری Pseudomonas sp. Az-8، بیش‎ترین وزن خشک کل (6/68 گرم) در تیمار باکتری Enterobacter sp. S16-3 و بالاترین میزان شاخص کلروفیل و هدایت روزنه‎ای (به ترتیب 6/9 و 097/0) در تیمار تلقیح شده با Azotobacter chroococcum 14SP2-1 مشاهده شد. آنالیز عناصر در بافت گیاهی نشان داد که بیش‌ترین مقدار پتاسیم اندام هوایی و ریشه را به ترتیب در تیمار 100% توصیه کودی (3/1077 میلی‎گرم بر وزن اندام هوایی) و Pseudomonas sp. Az-8 (4/421 میلی‎گرم بر وزن ریشه) به دست آمد. با در نظر گرفتن مقدار پتاسیم جذب شده و وزن خشک کل، باکتری‎های Pseudomonas sp. Az-8، A. chroococcum 14SP2-1 و Enterobacter sp. S16-3 مؤثرتر بوده و می‌توان برای سایر آزمایشات پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انتروباکتر؛ باکتری آزادکننده پتاسیم؛ پتابارور؛ تلقیح باکتری؛ کود زیستی

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