تاثیر بیوچار و کمپوست ضایعات هرس و تلقیح میکروبی بر فراهمی فسفر

آب و خاک

مقاله 2، دوره 32، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60، آبان 1397، صفحه 709-722   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i4.67298

نویسندگان

میرحسن رسولی صدقیانی^* ؛ رقیه واحدی؛ محسن برین

دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

فسفر از عناصر پرمصرف مورد نیاز گیاه می‌باشد که کمبود آن یکی از مشکلات خاک‌های آهکی است. به منظور بررسی تاثیر بیوچار و کمپوست ضایعات هرس درختان سیب و انگور و تلقیح میکروبی بر فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز و فراهمی فسفر در ریزوسفر گندم، آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در رایزوباکس اجرا گردید. فاکتورها شامل ماده آلی (بیوچار، کمپوست ضایعات هرس و شاهد بدون ماده آلی)، تلقیح میکروبی (قارچ میکوریزای آربوسکولار (AMF) و باکتری‌های ریزوسفری محرک رشد (PGPR) و خاک (خاک ریزوسفری و غیرریزوسفری) بود. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد همزمان کمپوست و تلقیح میکروبی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار فعالیت ACP،ALP و فسفر قابل جذب در خاک نسبت به تیماربدون ماده آلی شد، بطوریکه بیشترین افزایش فعالیت ALP و مقدار فسفر قابل جذب مربوط به تیمار مشترکPGPR وکمپوست بود. همچنین در تیمارکمپوست، فعالیت ACP و ALP در خاک ریزوسفری به ترتیب 39/1 و 33/1برابر خاک غیرریزوسفری بود. با این وجود مقدار فسفر قابل جذب در خاک غیرریزوسفری تیمار کمپوست 19/21 درصد بیشتر از خاک ریزوسفری بود. بیشترین غلظت فسفر در ریشه و اندام هوایی بترتیب در تیمارهای کمپوست تلقیح شده با میکوریزا و بیوچار تلقیح شده با میکوریزا مشاهده شد. همچنین، غلظت فسفر اندام هوایی در تیمار مشترک بیوچار و AMF 31/1 برابر غلظت فسفر در تیمار بیوچار و تلقیح PGPR بود. بطورکلی استفاده ازماده آلی و تلقیح میکروبی تأثیر قابل توجهی در فراهمی فسفر و بهبود رشد گیاه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ریزوسفر؛ فراهمی فسفر؛ مواد آلی؛ میکروارگانیسم

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