تغییرات خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک تحت تأثیر شدت چرای دام در مراتع مغان

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 32، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60، مهر 1397، صفحه 751-762   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i4.69025

نویسندگان

سیما جعفری؛ اردوان قربانی^* ؛ کاظم هاشمی مجد؛ سحر غفاری

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

خاک از مهمترین اجزای تشکیل‌دهنده اکوسیستم‌های مرتعی و تخریب آن، کاهش توان تولید مرتع را در پی خواهد داشت. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر شدت چرا بر خصوصیات خاک در مراتع مغان با استفاده از چارچوب گرادیان چرایی انجام شد. سه روستای تولکلو، کلش و پنجالو بعنوان نماینده مراتع علف - بوته‌زار مغان انتخاب شد. نمونه‌برداری، از سه شدت چرا و در سه فاصله از هر سه روستا انجام شد. در هر فاصله از روستا، سه نمونه خاک، از عمق 0 تا 30 سانتی‌متری (27 نمونه) برداشت شد. پارامترهای خاک شامل اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، رطوبت وزنی اشباع، سدیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم محلول، پتاسیم تبادلی، فسفر قابل جذب، درصد مواد خنثی‌شونده، کربن آلی، کربن آلی ذره‌ای، رس قابل انتشار، نیتروژن کل، میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها و بافت خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. برای مشخص کردن روند تغییر پارامتر‌ها در شدت چراهای مختلف، از شدت چراهای سنگین، متوسط و سبک هر سه روستا میانگین گرفته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با روش تجزیه واریانس دو طرفه و با استفاده از آزمون دانکن انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد، میزان پتاسیم محلول و آهک خاک با افزایش شدت چرا، افزایش (05/0>P) ولی میزان سدیم محلول و درصد سیلت خاک به صورت معنی‌داری کاهش (05/0>P) می‌یابند ولی در پارامترهای دیگر اختلاف معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که شدت چرا اثر منفی بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک از جمله آهک، سدیم محلول و درصد سیلت خاک دارد. بنابراین، در مدیریت مراتع و انجام برنامه‌های اصلاحی و احیایی، باید به خصوصیات فیزیک وشیمیایی خاک توجه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

استان اردبیل؛ اکوسیستم مرتع؛ کانون بحران؛ گرادیان چرایی

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