تأثیر زئولیت، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود حیوانی بر رشد و جذب عناصر کم مصرف در ذرت

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 32، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60، آبان 1397، صفحه 763-778   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i4.68534

نویسندگان

سیده زهره تقدیسی حیدریان؛ رضا خراسانی^* ؛ حجت امامی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

زئولیت عموماً به عنوان یک ماده اصلاحی برای خاک استفاده می‌شود. اضافه کردن برخی از مواد معدنی نظیر زئولیت علی‌رغم تأثیر مثبت بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک می‌تواند در سطوح زیاد تأثیر منفی بر جذب عناصر غذایی و رشد گیاه داشته باشد. به همین منظور آزمایش گلدانی با هدف بررسی تأثیر زئولیت، کود حیوانی و ورمی‌کمپوست بر رشد و جذب عناصرکم مصرف در گیاه ذرت به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی تحت شرایط کنترل شده انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل زئولیت در سه سطح (صفر، 6 و 12 درصد وزنی)، نوع ماده آلی شامل ورمی‌کمپوست در سه سطح (صفر، 125/0 و، 25/0 درصد وزنی) و کود گاوی پوسیده در سه سطح (صفر، 5/0 و، 1 درصد وزنی) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد در بین سطح 6 و 12 درصد زئولیت، سطح 6 درصد آن نسبت به 12 درصد کارایی بهتری داشته است و سطح 12 درصد زئولیت نسبت به شاهد باعث کاهش 19 درصدی وزن خشک گیاه و کاهش وزن تر، که کاهش وزن تر نسبت به شاهد معنی‌دار نبود. همچنین این سطح زئولیت جذب عنصر روی، آهن و منگنز در گیاه کاهش داد و به ترتیب سبب افزایش 93/8 و 40 درصدی pH و غلظت منگنز خاک شد. در بین تیمارهای آزمایشی، سطح 1 درصد کود گاوی در عدم حضور زئولیت بیشترین مقدار وزن تر و خشک گیاه، ارتفاع گیاه، جذب عناصر روی، آهن و منگنز در اندام هوایی گیاه را دارا بود. همچنین کمترین مقدار pH خاک مربوط به این سطح بوده که اختلاف معنی‌داری نسبت به بقیه تیمارها و همچنین تیمار شاهد داشت. در نهایت در بین تیمارهای آزمایشی، کارایی ورمی‌کمپوست نسبت به کود گاوی کمتر بوده و بیشترین تأثیر بر رشد و جذب عناصر کم مصرف در گیاه ذرت مربوط به تیمارهای کود گاوی و کمترین مربوط به تیمار زئولیت بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تغذیه گیاه؛ زئولیت؛ کود گاوی؛ مواد آلی

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