بررسی ارتباط فرآیندهای فرسایش‌‌بارانی با درصد شیب و محتوای رطوبتی پیشین در خاک‌‌های منطقه نیمه‌‌خشک

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 32، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 61، زمستان 1397، صفحه 943-959  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i5.70295

نویسندگان

علی بلیانی ؛ علی رضا واعظی

دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

فرسایش بارانی نقشی مهم در تخریب خاک سطحی به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌‌خشک ایفاء می‌‌کند. فرسایش ناشی از قطرات باران عامل عمده تخریب خاک مانند تراکم و مقاومت خاک و هدررفت خاک سطحی است. این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات فرسایش بارانی بر هدررفت پاشمانی خاک، تراکم خاک و مقاومت سطح خاک تحت تأثیر درجه شیب و محتوای رطوبت پیشین در خاک‌‌های مختلف انجام شد. در این راستا شش نوع بافت خاک (رس، سیلت، لوم رسی، لوم سیلتی، لوم شنی و شن) در معرض بارانی با شدت 40 میلی‌‌متر بر ساعت به مدت 15 دقیقه در چهار درجه شیب (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 درصد) و چهار سطح محتوای رطوبت پیشین (هواخشک، یک‌‌چهارم اشباع، نیمه‌‌اشباع و اشباع) قرار گرفت. مجموعاً تعداد 288 جعبه خاک به ابعاد 35 سانتی‌‌متر × 25 سانتی‌متر با آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌‌داری (01/0p<) بین خاک‌‌ها از نظر مقدار فرسایش پاشمان، تراکم خاک و مقاومت سطح وجود داشت. در میان شش بافت خاک‌‌ مورد پژوهش، خاک با بافت سیلت بالاترین میانگین فرسایش پاشمان (93/1574 گرم بر متر مربع بر ساعت)، تراکم خاک (43/17 درصد) و نسبت مقاومت خاک (53/10 بدون بعد) را داشت و خاک با بافت شن کم‌‌ترین میانگین فرسایش پاشمان (37/437 گرم بر متر مربع بر ساعت)، تراکم خاک (25/0 درصد) و نسبت مقاومت خاک (66/2 بدون بعد) را نشان داد. همچنین همبستگی معنی‌‌داری بین فرسایش پاشمان، تراکم خاک و نسبت مقاومت خاک با برخی ویژگی‌‌های خاک شامل درصد شن، درصد سیلت، میانگین هندسی قطر ذرات، چگالی ظاهری، هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و کربنات کلسیم معادل مشاهده شد. نتایج این پژوهش می‌‌تواند در مدیریت منابع آب و خاک به ویژه در اراضی شیب‌‌دار با خاک‌‌های حساس به فرسایش ناشی از قطرات باران استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تراکم خاک؛ درجه شیب؛ رطوبت خاک؛ فرسایش پاشمان؛ نسبت مقاومت سطح خاک

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