اثر مکش آب خاک و پتاسیم بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های بیوشیمیائی پرتقال تامسون ‌ناول (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.)

آب و خاک

مقاله 9، دوره 32، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 61، دی 1397، صفحه 961-975   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i5.70820

نویسندگان

طاهره رئیسی^* ؛ بیژن مرادی؛ بهروز گلعین

پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه های نیمه گرمسیری ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مکش آب خاک، همراه با پتاسیم بر عملکرد، برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و رشد رویشی درختان پرتقال تامسون‌ناول روی پایه سیتروملو اجرا شد. بدین­منظور، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری بلوک کاملاً تصادفی به مدت دو سال در باغ پرتقال اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل: انجام آبیاری در مکش­های رطوبتی خاک 20، 40، 60 کیلو پاسکال (بر اساس مکش تانسیومتر) و یک تیمار بدون آبیاری؛ و کاربرد کود پتاسیم در دو سطح 50 و 100 گرم پتاسیم ضرب‏ در سن درخت در نظر گرفته شد. سپس، در دو سال آخر آزمایش عملکرد، پتاسیم قابل ‏استفاده و قطر تاج درختان و در سال آخر آزمایش، مقدار پرولین، نشت یونی و هدایت الکتریکی خاک اندازه گیری شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که مقدار قطر تاج درختان با انجام آبیاری افزایش (05/0P<) یافت. هم­چنین، نتایج سال آخر پژوهش نشان داد که در سطح اول پتاسیم بین مقدار عملکرد در تیمارهای آبیاری 20، 40 و 60 کیلوپاسکال تفاوت معنی­داری (05/0P<) مشاهده نشد. علاوه­براین، اثر پتاسیم بر عملکرد به مکش آب خاک بستگی داشت. هم­چنین، با افزایش مکش رطوبتی خاک در زمان آبیاری مقدار پرولین، نشت یونی، پتاسیم قابل‏استفاده و قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی افزایش معنی­داری داشتند. به­طور کلی، باتوجه به نتایج عملکرد و نیز با در نظر گرفتن محدویت منابع آبی می‏توان پیشنهاد کرد که در مناطق با اقلیم و خاک مشابه با منطقه مور مطالعه، بهترین زمان آبیاری درختان پرتقال تامسون‏ناول موقعی است که تانسیومتر مکش 60 کیلوپاسکال (ضریب تخلیه 52 درصد) را نشان دهد. علاوه براین، بهینه­ترین مقدار پتاسیم جهت کوددهی این درختان در شرایط ذکر شده، معادل 50 گرم پتاسیم ضرب در سن درخت می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری؛ تانسیومتر؛ پرولین؛ سیتروملو؛ نشت‏ یونی

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