کارایی صمغ عربی در بهبود شرایط فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک‌های شور– سدیمی و غیرشور- سدیمی اطراف دریاچه ارومیه

آب و خاک

مقاله 11، دوره 32، شماره 5 - شماره پیاپی 61، پاییز 1397، صفحه 987-1001  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i5.71169

نویسندگان

زهرا حبیبی؛ مهدی رحمتی ؛ علی اصغر علیلو؛ اسماعیل کریمی

دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

استفاده از بهبود دهنده­های خاک برای بهبود ویژگی­های فیزیکی و ساختمانی خاک بسیار متداول می­باشد. به همین جهت پژوهش حاضر به مطالعه اثرات صمغ عربی بر چندین ویژگی خاک­های شور -سدیمی و غیرشور- سدیمی تهیه شده از حاشیه جنوب شرقی دریاچه ارومیه پرداخته است. سه سطح متفاوت از صمغ عربی (صفر، 5 و 10 گرم بر کیلوگرم) در خاک­هایی با هدایت الکتریکی مختلف از 1 تا 30 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و SAR 1 تا 58 اضافه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد صمغ عربی تأثیر معنی­داری بر بسیاری از خصوصیات اندازه­گیری شده در هر دو خاک شور- سدیمی و غیرشور- سدیمی داشت. صمغ عربی خصوصیات بیولوژیکی خاک را حتی در خاک­های شور- سدیمی بهبود بخشید به طوری­که تنفس خاک از 67 تا 275 (mg CO2 kg-1 day-1) در خاک­های تیمار شده افزایش یافته بود در حالی‌که نرخ تنفس خاک در تیمار شاهد بین 7 تا 77 (mg CO2 kg-1 day-1) بود. همچنین نتایج مشابهی برای مقدار کربن آلی خاک به دست آمد به طوری‌که در اثر افزایش بالاترین مقدار صمغ عربی (10 گرم بر کیلوگرم)، کربن آلی خاک از 21/0 به 33/0 درصد افزایش یافت. در حالی که اثرات صمغ عربی بر روی خصوصیات خاکدانه­ها فقط در خاک­های غیرشور- سدیمی معنی­دار شد، تغییرات مثبت خاک تیمار شده با 10 گرم بر کیلوگرم صمغ عربی در مقابل تیمار شاهد در پایداری خاکدانه­ها (21 درصد در مقابل 5 درصد)، میانگین وزنی قطرخاکدانه­ها (3/0 در مقابل 06/0 میلی‌متر) و بعد فراکتال جرمی خاکدانه­ها (67/1 در مقابل 37/1) مشاهده شد. صمغ عربی همچنین هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع خاک­های تیمار شده را افزایش و اسیدیته خاک­های مورد آزمایش را کاهش داد. پیشنهاد می­شود در تحقیقات آتی به منظور بررسی اثرات صمغ عربی در خاک­های شور- سدیمی از مقادیر بالاتر صمغ عربی (بیشتر از 10 گرم بر کیلوگرم) استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اصلاح کننده های خاک؛ بیوپلیمر؛ ساختمان خاک؛ کیفیت خاک؛ هیدروژل

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