اثر اسید هیومیک بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی کمبود آهن در گیاه کلزا (رقم هایولا 308)

آب و خاک

مقاله 12، دوره 32، شماره 6 - شماره پیاپی 62، زمستان 1397، صفحه 1191-1205  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v32i6.73520

نویسندگان

طالب نظری¹؛ مجتبی بارانی مطلق ²؛ اسماعیل دردی پور²؛ رضا قربانی نصرآبادی¹؛ سمیه سفیدگر شاهکلایی¹

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

²علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

در این پژوهش، تأثیر کاربرد خاکی، محلول­پاشی و مصرف همراه با آب آبیاری اسیدهیومیک بر فرآهمی آهن، انواع کلروفیل و آنزیم­های گیاهی در گیاه کلزا (رقم هایولا 308) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 10 تیمار در 4 تکرار به اجرا درآمد که تیمارها شامل مصرف خاکی اسیدهیومیک در سه سطح (1، 2 و 4 گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک)، محلول­پاشی اسیدهیومیک در سه سطح (1/0، 2/0 و 4/0 درصد)، همراه با آب آبیاری در سه سطح (1000، 2000 و 4000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و تیمار شاهد بود. نتایج به­دست آمده نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار آهن کل برگ مربوط به تیمار 4/0 درصد محلول­پاشی و کمترین مقدار مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. همچنین بیشترین مقدار آهن کل ساقه و آهن فعال به ترتیب با میانگین 85 و 86/44 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم مربوط به تیمار 2000 میلی­گرم بر لیتر مصرف همراه با آب آبیاری اسیدهیومیک بود. بیشترین مقادیر کلروفیل a، b و کلروفیل کل به ترتیب با میانگین 58/3، 79/1 و 37/5 در تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسیدهیومیک باسطح 4/0 درصد دیده شد. بیشترین مقدار فعالیت آنزیم­های گیاهی سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و گلوتاتیون ‌پراکسیداز به ترتیب با میانگین 20/4 و 95/1 (Iu /gr.fw) مربوط  تیمار 1/0 درصد محلول پاشی اسیدهیومیک و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز با میانگین 46/4 (Iu /gr.fw) مربوط به تیمار 1000 میلی گرم در لیتر مصرف همراه با آب آبیاری بود. همچنین همبستگی منفی بین آنزیم­های گیاهی با انواع کلروفیل و آهن فعال وجود داشت. آهن فعال و آنزیم­های آنتی اکسیدان که نشان­دهنده آهن درون سیتوپلاسم سلول­اند، شاخص­های مناسبی برای ارزیابی تحمل به کمبود آهن در مقایسه با سنجش آهن کل برگ می­باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آهن فعال؛ آنزیم های گیاهی؛ اسید هیومیک؛ کلروفیل

مراجع

1. Adani F., Genevini P., Zaccheo P., and Zocchi G. 1998. The effect of commercial humic acid on tomato plant growth and mineral nutrition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21 (3): 561-575.

2. Aebi H., 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105: 121–126.

3. Ahmadian A., Ghanbary A., Gluy M., Siyahsar B., and Arazmjoo A. 2010. Different irrigation regimes and manure on the elements essential oil content and chemical composition cumin. Ecophysiology of Crop Plants and Weeds, 16: 83-94.

4. Aiken G.R., McKnight D.M., Wershaw R.L., and MacCarthy P. 1985. Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation, and characterization. Wiley-Interscience.

5. Arnon D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1): 1-15.

6. Ayman M., Kamar M., and Khalid M. 2009. Amino and humic acids promote growth, yield and disease resistance of faba bean cultivated in clayey soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2): 731-739.

7. Bannister J.V., Bannister W.H., and Rotills G. 1987. Aspects of the structure, function and application of superoxide dismutase. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry, 22: 110-180.

8. Beladi S.M., Habibi D., Kashani A., Paknezhad F., and Golshan M. 2010. Effect reviw lead and copper on Chlorophyll content, lipid membrane, relative water content and super oxidedismutase activity at plant species guller (Lathyrus sativus). The Crop Ecophysiology Publication. 2(2): 66-74. (In Persian with English abstract).

9. Castro L., Garcia-Balboa C., Gonzalez F., Bahhester A., Luisa Blazquez M., and Muniz J.A. 2013. Effectiveness of anaerobic iron bio-reduction of jarosite and the influence of humic substances. Hydrometallurgy, 131: 29-33.

10. Cesco S., Reomheld V., Varanini Z., and Pinton R. 2000. Solubilization of iron by water extractable humic substances. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 163: 285–290.

11. Chamaani F., Habibi D., Khodabande N., Davoudifard M., and Asgharzade A. 2012. Effects of salinity stress on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat inoculated with plant growth promoting bacteria (Azotobacter chroocccum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonase putida) and humic acid. Journal Agricultuer and Plant Breeding, 8(3): 39-55. (In Persian).

12. Chatterjee C., Gopal R., and Dube B.K. 2006. Impact of iron stress on biomass, yield, metabolism and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 108:1–6.

13. Chen Y., Clapp C.E., and Magen H., 2004. Mechanisms of plant growth stimulation by humic substances: the role of organo-iron complexes. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 50: 1089–1095.

14. De Santiago A., and Delgado A. 2007. Effects of humic substances on iron nutrition of lupin. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 43: 829–836.

15. Donnini S., Dellorto M., and Zocchi G. 2011. Oxidative stress responses and root lignification induced by Fe deficiency conditions in pear and quince genotypes. Tree Physiology, 31: 102-113.

16. Dursun A., Guvenc I., and Turan M. 2002. Effect of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro and micronutrient contents of tomato and eggplant. Acta Agrobotanical, 56: 81-88.

17. El-Bassiony A.M., Fawzy Z.F., El-Baky M.A., and Mahmoud A.R. 2010. Response of snap bean plants to mineral fertilizers and humic acid application. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(2):169-175.

18. Endalew E.K., Kiros Y., and Zanzi R. 2011. Heteregenous catalysis for biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil. Energy, 36(5): 2693-2700.

19. Fernandez-Escobar R., Benlloch M., Barranco D., Duenas A., and Gañan J.G. 1996. Response of olive trees to foliar application of humic substances extracted from leonardite. Scientia Horticulturae, 66 (3-4): 191-200.

20. Ferrara G., Pacifico A., Simeone P., and Ferrara E. 2008. Preliminary study on the effects of foliar applications of humic acids on ‘Italia’ table grape. Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 42: 79-87.

21. Ghorbanli M., and Babalar M. 2003. Mineral Nutrition of Plants. Tarbiat Moallem University, Tehran Publication, Iran. (In Persian).

22. Gogorcena Y., Abadia A., and Abadia A. 2004. A new technique for screening iron-efficient genotypes in peach rootstocks: elicitation of root ferric chelate reductase by manipulation of external iron concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27: 1701–1715.

23. Haghighi M., and Kafi M. 2010. Effect of humic acid on cadmium accumulation, nitrate and changes activity of nitrate reductase enzymes in lttuce. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(1): 53-58. (In Persian).

24. Hakimi L., and Farzami sepeher M. 2013. Copper and copper accumulations of iron, copper and antioxidant response of dominant plant species around Sorkhe mine in Marand city. Plant Environment Physiology (Iranian Plant Ecophysiology Research),10(40): 21-30. (In Persian).

25. Halliwell B. 2006. Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiology, 141: 312–322.

26. Harper S.M., Kerven G.L., Edwards D.G., and Ostatek-Boczynski Z. 2000. Characterisation of fulvic and humic acids from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and from decomposed hay. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32 :1331-1336.

27. Hartwigsen J. A., and Evans M. R. 2000. Humic acid seed and substrate treatments promote seedling root development. Horticultural Science, 35(7): 1231-1233.

28. Hellin E., Hernandez-Cortez J.A., Piqueras A., Olmos E., and Sevilla F. 1995. The influence of the iron content on the superoxidedismutase activity and chloroplast ultrastructure of Citrus limon in iron nutrition in soil and plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 5(3-7): 211-229.

29. Hopkins J., and Tudhope G.R. 1973. Glutathione peroxidase in human red cells in health and disease. British Journal of Haematolgy, 25: 563–575.

30. Jahan M., ghalenoei Sh., Khamoshi A., and Amiri M. 2015. Investigation Agro-ecological Features of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under the influence of application water super absorbent, humic acid and irrigation periods. Journal of Horticultural Science, 29 (2): 240-254. (In Persian).

31. Jing-min Z., Shang-jun X., Mao-peng S., Bingyao M., Xiu-mei C., and Chunsheng L. 2010. Effect of Humic acid on poplar physiology and biochemistry properties and growth under different water level. J. Soil Water Conserv. Journal of Plant Physiology, 24: 1-150.

32. Karakurt Y., Unlu H., Unlu H., and Padem H. 2009. The influence of foliar and soil fertilization of humic acid on yield and quality of pepper. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B–Soil and Plant science, 59(3): 233-237.

33. Katyal J.C., and Sharma B.D. 1980. A new technique of plant analysis to resolve iron chorosis. Plant and Soil, 55: 105-119.

34. Kesba H.H., and El-Beltagi H.S. 2012. Biochemical changes in grape rootstocks resulted from humic acid treatments in relation to nematode infection. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(4): 287-293.

35. Khayyat M., Tafazoli E., Eshghi S., and Rajaee S. 2007. Effect of nitrogen, boron, potassium and zinc spray on yield and fruit quality of data palm. American- Eurasian Jornal of Agriculturae and Environment Science, 2 (3): 289- 296.

36. Khoram Ghahfarokhi A., Rahimi A., Torabi B., and Maddah Hosseini Sh. 2015. Effect of humic acid application and foliar spraying of compost tea and vermiwash on nutrient absorption and chlorophyll content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Oil Plants Production, 2(1): 71-84. (In Persian with English abstract).

37. Khoshgoftarmanesh A.H., Eshghizadeh H. R., Sanaei Ostovar A., Mirlohi M.S. and Taban M. 2013. Physiological Indices of Iron Chlorosis of Plane Trees (Plantanus orintalis L.) in Green Space of Isfahan City. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 17(64):19-31. (In Persian with English abstract).

38. Kiani Chalmardi Z., and Abdul Zadeh A. 2013. The role of silicon in reduction of iron deficiency and toxicity in hydroponics cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Greenhouse Crop Science and Technology, 3(4): 79-89. (In Persian with English abstract).

39. Lombardi L., Sebastiani L., and Vitagliano. C. 2003. Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Effects of in vitro induced iron deficiency in peach rootstock. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26: 2149-2163.

40. Malakouti M., and Tehrani M. 1999. The role of micronutrients in increasing yield and improving the quality of agricultural products (their elements with a large impact). Tarbiat Modares University publication.

41. Manthey J.A., Tisserat B., and Crowley D. E., 1996. Root responses of sterile grown onion plants to iron deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 19: 145–161.

42. Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (2th Ed.). Academic Press, London.

43. Mazaherinia Sh., Astaraei A.R. Monshi A., and Fotovat A. 2011. A comparison of uptake and concentration of iron (Fe) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant using ordinary and nano iron oxides. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi), 92: 103-111. (In Persian with English abstract).

44. Mengel K., and Kirby E.A. 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition. International Potash Institute, Bern.

45. Mengel K., Planker R., and Hofman B. 1994. Relationship between leaf appoplastic pH and iron chlorosis of sunflower (Heliamthus annuus L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition,17:1053-1065.

46. Minami M., and Yoshikawa H. 1979. A simplified assay method of superoxide dismutase activity for clinical use. Clinica Chimica Acta, 92: 337–342.

47. Mohamadi M., Habibi D., Ardakani M.R., and Asgharzade A. 2010. Effect application of biological fertilizers, humic acid and super absorbent polymer on Chlorophyll content, lipid membrane and catalase and super oxidedismutase activity in plant species annual medic (Medicago scutellata) under toxicity cadmium. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 6(2): 65-79. (In persain).

48. Mohammadi M., and Moezi A. 2006. Evaluation of Fananthrin method for determining Fe 2+ concentration in citrus leaves. Scientific Journal of Agriculture, 29:4.57-67. (In Persian).

49. Mohammdkhani N., and Heidari R. 2007. Effects of drought stress on protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in two maize cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 10 (21): 3835-3840.

50. Mohsali V., Khoshtakar Manesh A.H., and Shariatmadari H. 2016. Influence of distance from air contaminating source on iron nutritional status of plantain in shiraz. Journal of Soil Research (Soil and Water Scince), 30(3): 295-304. (In Persian with English abstract).

51. Molassiotis A., Tanou G., Diamantidis G., Patakas A., and Therios I. 2006. Effects of 4-month Fe deficiency exposure on Fe reduction mechanism, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant defense in two peach rootstocks differing in Fe deficiency tolerance. Plant Physiology, 163: 176-185.

52. Morales F., Abadia A., and Abadia J. 1998. Photosynthesis, quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and thermaenergy dissipation in iron-deficient sugar beet leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 25: 403-412.

53. Nardi S., Pizzeghello D., Muscolo A., and Vianello A. 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higherplants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34:11 1527-1536.

54. Nasooti Miandoab R., Samavat S., and Tehrani M.M. 2010. Humic acid fertilizer on plants and soil properties. AgriFood,101: 53-55. (In Persian).

55. Nurdin S., Misebah F.A., Haron S.F., Ghazali N.S., and Gimbun J. 2014. A cost-effective catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from Rubber and Jatropha curcas seeds. Oil for synthesizing biodiesel by KOH supported on coconut shell activated carbonoil. Chemical Engineering and Applications, 5(6): 483-488.

56. Page A.L., Miller R.H., and Keeney D.R. 1982. Chemical and microbiological properties. Methods of soil analysis. Part, 2. ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI.

57. Pestana M., De Varennes A., Abadia J., and Faria E.A. 2005. Differential tolerance to iron deficiency of citrus rootstocks grown in nutrient solution. Scientia Horticulturae, 104(1): 25-36.

58. Peyvandi M., Kamali Jamakani Z., and Mirza M. 2011. Effect of Iron Nanoclat with Iron Chalate on Growth and Antioxidant Activity of Satureja Hortensis. New Molecular Cell Biotechnology, 2(5): 25-32. (In Persian).

59. Pinton R., Cesco S., Iacolettig G., Astolfi S., and Varanini Z. 1999. Modulation of NO uptake by water- extractable humic substances: involvement of root plasma membrane H ATPase. Plant and Soil, 215: 155–161.

60. Rahii A., Davvodi Fard M., Azizi F., and Habiby. D. 2012. Effects of different amounts of humic acid and response curves in the Dactylis glomerata. Agriculture and Plant Breeding Journal, 8(3): 28-15. (In Persian).

61. Romheld V. 2000. The chlorosis paradox: Fe inactivation as a secondary event in chlorotic leaves of grape vine. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 13: 1629-1643.

62. Roozbahani A., Ghorbani S., Mirzaei M., and Aerojnia S. 2013. The effect of soil application of humic acid and fluvic acid on yield and yield component of barley (Hurdeum vulgare L.). Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 9(2): 25-33. (In Persian).

63. Sabzavari S., and Reza Khazaee H. 2009. effect of spraying various levels of humic acid on growth characteristics, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Pishtaz cultivar. Agricultural Ecology,1(2): 53-63. (In Persian with English abstract).

64. Salama Z.A.E., El-Beltagi H.S., and El-Hariri D.M. 2009. Effect of Fe deficiency on Antioxidant system in leaves of three flax cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 37(1): 122-128.

65. Sanchez Sanchez A., Sanchez Andreu J., Juarez M., Jorda J., and Bermudez D. 2006. Imporvement of iron uptake in table grape by addition of humic substances. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29(2): 259-272.

66. Schoenwiss D.F., 1973. Correction of lime induced chlorosis of Pin Oak by liquid soil injection. HortScience, 8(4): 333- 334.

67. Shah K., Kumar R.G., Verma S., and Dubey R.S. 2001. Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation, superoxidation generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Science, 161: 1135–1144.

68. Shigeoka S., Ishikawa T., Tamoi M., Miyagawa Y., Takeda T., and Yabuta Y. 2002. Regulation and function of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53: 1305-1319.

69. Song Y.L., Dong Y.J., Tian X.Y., Wang W.W., and He Z.L., 2017. Effects of nitric oxide and Fe supply on recovery of Fe deficiency induced chlorosis in peanut plants. Biologia Plantarum, 61(1): 155-168.

70. Stenbaek A., and Jensen P. E. 2010. Redox regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Phytochemistry, 71(8–9):853–859.

71. Sun B., Jing Y., Chen K., Song L., Chen F., and Zhang L. 2007. Protective effect of nitric oxide on iron deficiency-induced oxidative stress in maize (Zea mays). Journal of Plant Physiology, 164: 536-543.

72. Tan K.H. 2003. Humic Matter in Soil and Environment: Principles and Controversies. CRC Press, New York.

73. Yang C.M., Wang M.C., Lu Y.F., Chang F., and Chou C.H. 2004. Humic substances affect the activity of chlorophylls. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 30: 1057-1065.