مقایسه روش‎های ارزیابی پایداری خاکدانه به‎عنوان یکی از شاخص‎های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک

آب و خاک

مقاله 7، دوره 33، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 64، تیر 1398، صفحه 289-303   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v33i2.73916

نویسندگان

سعید سعادت¹؛ لیلا اسمعیل نژاد^{* 2}؛ حامد رضائی³؛ رسول میرخانی¹؛ جواد سیدمحمدی⁴

¹موسسه تحقیقات خاک

²دانشگاه تهران

³موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

⁴تبریز

چکیده

پایداری خاکدانه، توانایی خاک در نگهداری و حفظ ترتیب فاز جامد و فضای خلل و فرج بعد از اعمال تنش‎های مکانیکی است. گرچه تاکنون یک روش رضایت‎بخش جامع برای تعیین کیفیت فیزیکی خاک ارائه نشده است ولی پایداری خاکدانه می‎تواند به‎عنوان یکی از مهم‎ترین شاخص‎های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک قلمداد شود. هدف از این مطالعه، ارزیابی روش‎های مناسب و استاندارد تعیین پایداری خاکدانه است که قادر به تشخیص شرایط کیفی فیزیکی خاک‎های دارای بافت متوسط در هر دو منطقه خشک و مرطوب باشد. تعداد 120 نمونه خاک که شصت نمونه مربوط به منطقه مرطوب گیلان و شصت نمونه دیگر از استان فارس با اقلیم خشک انتخاب شدند. هر 10 نمونه خاک با بافت مشابه مخلوط شده و در نهایت یک نمونه خاک تعیین شد. بعد از هوا خشک‎شدن و الک‎کردن نمونه‎ها، تعیین بافت به‎روش پیپت و کربن‎آلی خاک به‎روش اکسیداسیون انجام گرفت. همچنین نمونه‎های دست‎نخورده با استفاده از استوانه‎های فلزی جهت تعیین ضریب آبگذری اشباع، منحنی رطوبتی و جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک برداشته شد. تعیین هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع به‎روش بار ثابت صورت گرفت. برای اندازه‎گیری پایداری خاکدانه، از روش‎های کمپر- رزنا، لابیزسونایس، و دی‎لینهیر-دی‎بودت استفاده شد. براساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، مقادیر میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‎ها در روش‎های کمپر–رزنا و لابیزسونایس برای مطالعه پایداری ساختمان در هر دو اقلیم مناسب هستند. اگر یک روش بررسی سریع و ساده از وضعیت ساختمان خاک مورد نیاز باشد، تست‎های ساده مثل کمپر-رزنا با اشباع سریع و همچنین لابیزسونایس در حالت مرطوب شدن سریع می‎توانند مورد استفاده واقع شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دی‎لینهیر- دی‎بودت؛ لابیوسونایس؛ ساختمان خاک؛ کمپر- رزنا؛ شاخص‎های کیفیت فیزیکی خاک

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