تغییرات ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک مزارع دیم دشت مراغه در اثر اعمال تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و سنتی

آب و خاک

مقاله 8، دوره 33، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 65، پاییز 1398، صفحه 477-478  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.76818

نویسندگان

مهدی کوسه لو¹؛ مهدی رحمتی ¹؛ ایرج اسکندری²؛ ولی فیضی اصل²

¹دانشگاه مراغه

²موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه اثرات خاک‌ورزی سنتی و حفاظتی بر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک در اراضی کشاورزی دیم، تحقیقی به مدت 5 سال زراعی در مؤسسه تحقیقات دیم کشور در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 5 تیمار خاک‌ورزی شامل: کاشت مستقیم در ته ساقه‌ها (NT1)، کاشت مستقیم در کلیه بقایا (NT2)، شخم قلمی + دیسک (CH)، کم خاک‌ورزی (MT) و شخم مرسوم (CT) در 4 تکرار به اجرا در آمد. نمونه‌برداری‌های خاک در انتهای سال پنجم برداشته شدند که این نمونه جهت آنالیز پارامترهای فیزیکی ازجمله پایداری خاکدانه‌ها (WAS)، میانگین وزنی و هندسی قطر خاکدانه­ها به روش الک تر (GMDwet و MWDwet) و الک خشک (GMDdry و MWDdry)، بعد فرکتال جرمی خاکدانه‌ها (Dm)، کربن آلی کل (TOC)، کربن آلی محلول (DOC) و جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک استفاده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمارهای خاک‌ورزی بر پارامترهای MWDdry و GMDdry معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی و مکان بر روی DOC و اثر متقابل عمق و مکان بر روی جرم مخصوص ظاهری معنی‌دار بود. میزان کربن آلی محلول در تیمار خاک‌ورزی سنتی با مقدار mg g-1 74/3 در مکان اول به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از سایر تیمارها (با مقادیر کمتر از mg g-1 20/3) بود. همچنین در تیمار NT1 و NT2 میانگین وزنی (به ترتیب با 25/1 و 17/1 میلی­متر) و هندسی (04/1 میلی­متر برای هر دو) قطر خاکدانه­ها اختلاف معنی‌داری با سایر تیمارها داشت. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده توصیه می‌شود، به‌جای استفاده مداوم از خاک‌ورزی سنتی از خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بعد فرکتال؛ جرم مخصوص ظاهری؛ کربن آلی محلول؛ پایداری خاکدانه‌ها

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